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Laboratory Report Guidelines Components of the report Contents 1. Introduction (Title, objective/aims and background information) It presents relevant background with explanation on the focus of the...

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Laboratory Report Guidelines
    Components of the report
    Contents
    1. Introduction (Title, objective/aims and background information)
    It presents relevant background with explanation on the focus of the experiment. Additional information on materials and methods and what is to be achieved by conducting this experiment is supported by 2-4 references.
    2. Methods
    Principles and procedures of the experiment should be a
ief outline by refe
ing to the practical manual.
    3. Results
    Graphs are presented accurately and contain relevant captions with appropriate units in both axes and legend if necessary.
    4. Discussion
    Present a logical explanation on the properties of the materials, the principles of the experiment and the findings (what, how and why). Support each part with proper literature. Try to answer all the questions mentioned in the practical manual.
    5. Conclusions
    Overview of the whole experiment, state the main finding and what the results suggested.
    6. References
    Clearly cite the relevant references used in the text and discussed in the scientific literature (no Google or Wikipedia). All references are in the co
ect order and in the APA 6th style.
Should cite totally 5 to 10 references (Practicals manual should not be included in the reference list).
Answered Same Day Sep 12, 2021 ONPS2510

Solution

Shubhashree answered on Sep 18 2021
155 Votes
VISCOSITY OF FRUIT JUICE (MANGO & ORANGE), HONEY & TOMATO SAUCE
Objective:
Rheological properties of food materials are very useful in their processing and storage processes because viscosity is an important physical property that co
elates with other physicochemical and sensory properties.At a molecular level, viscosity is a result the interaction between the different molecules in a fluid. Viscosity will determine the energy required to make a fluid flow. The Brookfield Dial Reading Viscometer measures fluid viscosity at given shear rates.
Principles:
All fluids show a resistance to flow, called viscosity (η). Empirically, mobile liquids like water have a low viscosity whereas liquids such as thick oils have a high viscosity and flow only with difficulties.
Newtonian liquids show a constant value of viscosity as a function of shear rate (rate of deformation) but the viscosity is temperature dependent.
For non-Newtonian liquids, the viscosity remains constant at a fixed, maximum value at low shear rates, but at higher values ‘shear thinning’ is observed with subsequent reduction in viscosity. Non-Newtonian liquids are also known as Pseudoplastic.
Materials:
Commercial Fruit Juice, Honey & Tomato Sauce, Brookefield viscomete
Fruit(Orange) Juice:
Measurements of the rheological properties of orange juice can be found in the area of quality control where the flow behavior is a direct measure of its consistency. Moreover, knowing the flow properties of orange juice as a function of concentration, shear rate and temperature allows for improved design of a production plant, since high viscosity products require considerable pumping energy, as opposed to low viscosity or Newtonian fluids. Commercially available clarified orange juice behaves as a Newtonian fluid.
Tomato Sauce:
Tomato sauce or red sauce is a condiment usually made from tomatoes. Like any other processed food, the quality of tomato sauce is determined from the tomatoes (raw material) straight down through all the processing attributes until bottling. Rheological studies help to fix the ideal viscosity which determines its flow behaviour as a pseudoplastic or shear thinning fluid which in-turn reflects on its consistency during different external factors.
Honey:
Honey is a mixture of sugars and other compounds. Measurement of the rheological properties of honey can be determined in the area of quality control where flow behaviour is a direct measure of it consistency. When applied...
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