Solution
Shalini answered on
Sep 02 2021
ASSIGNMENT 1
ASSIGNMENT 13
ASSIGNMENT
1. The most common health problems of later adulthood are usually related to degenerative changes in body systems. For each function below, outline two examples of physiological changes that can lead to disease processes that occur due to the ageing process.
Bodily function
Age-related physiological changes
a) Neurological system
· Slowing of thought.
· Slowing of memory and thinking.
b) Vision
· low vision
· Increased chances of cataract.
c) Hearing and balance
· Lower ability to hear high frequency sounds.
· Persistent abnormal ear noise (Aoki, 2017).
d) Cardiovascular system
· Decrease in elasticity of the arterial system.
· Increase in the stiffness of arterial system.
e) Respiratory system
· Alveoli can lose their shape and become baggy.
· The diaphragm can overtime become weaker.
f) Musculoskeletal system
· Muscles become rigid with age and may lose tone.
· Bones become
ittle and may
eak easily.
g) Urinary and renal system
· The elastic bladder tissue may toughen and become less stretchy.
· Decreased glomerular filtration rate.
h) Sexuality and the reproductive system
· With the ageing the sexual drive of the people started to slow down.
· Considering the reproductive system the vaginal walls become thinner and less elastic.
i) Endocrine system
· Menopause
· Decline of ovarian function.
j) Integumentary system
· The number of pigment containing cells decrease.
· The outer skin layer thins though the number of cells layers remains unchanged.
k) Cellular function and increased risk of cance
· The older the person gets the higher the proportion we acquire of cells with mutation.
· These cells create the high risk for recruiting cancer initiating cells.
l) Drug metabolism
· With ageing reduction in first pass metabolism is observed.
· It impacts the health of the old aged people.
2.Chronic age-related health problems are a significant concern for older people as they can cause disability and impact quality of life. Older people are likely to have at least one chronic condition. Using the table below, provide:
a) summary of how these common health conditions impact the wellbeing of the older person (10 – 40 words with references)
) two examples of care practices that can be applied to prevent or lessen the impact of the symptoms
c) two examples of how primary health care providers can support health maintenance for this condition.
Common health condition
a) Impact on the older person
b) Care practices to prevent or reduce impact
c) Types of support provided by primary health care providers
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis has a serious impact on the heath condition of the older people as they suffers from the problems like joint pain in the hands, neck, lower back, knees and hips as well.
To reduce the impact of osteoarthritis blood sugar of the person need to be controlled, their lifestyle should be healthy and their weight should be maintained.
The support provided by primary healthcare providers include steroid injections to the patient, oral NSAID and care regarding managing the weights as well as the regular monitoring of the blood sugar.
Complete or partial deafness
The impact of complete or partial deafness on old people is such that it affects the exchange of information, it also lead them towards isolation and frustration. It also make them suffer the communication disorder.
Practices to reduce the impact of partial deafness include turn down any background noise during the conversation. And to reduce the impact of complete deafness ear machines could be used.
The primary healthcare can proide the support by facing the hearing impaired person directly, speaking clearly and slowly, and using simple words during conversation..
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
The impact of COPD on the adult person is considered more critical as the old aged person having COPD are at the risk for other conditions that contribute to functional disability. It increases the risk of hip fractures which is one of the major causes of disability among the old aged people.
To reduce the impact of COPD the patients should be made aware of managing environmental exposure like dust, fumes and second hand smoke.
The primary healthcare providers should extend support by focusing on the major issues faced by the COPD patients.
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
The impact of CHF on older people lead to the problems like fatigue, bloating, lack of appetite, persistent cough as well as nausea.
To reduce the impact of CHF in the elderly person it is very important that they should be limiting the consumption of alcohol and managing the stress as well as their weight.
The primary healthcare supporters should be monitoring the basic conditions of the patient so that all the related aspects and things would be in control.
3.Incontinence
a) Outline six ways that urinary incontinence can be managed to ensure dignity and comfort for the older person
The urinary incontinence in the older person could be managed through several ways in order to ensure their dignity and comfort-
· They should be given high fi
e diet.
· They should be trained to do pelvic floor exercises.
· They should be also provided effective bladder training.
· They should be given training in good toilet habits.
· They should be given privacy at sometimes.
· The older person weight also need to be managed.
) Outline three reasons for faecal incontinence in an older person
· Dia
hea
· Constipation
· Muscle and nerve damage
c) Outline three ways faecal incontinence can be managed from an enrolled nurse's perspective.
· Changing the diet of the patient.
· Bowel training.
· Exercises to strengthen pelvic floor muscles (Bassey & Ellison, 2020).
4. Explain three reasons for good mouth and dental care of an older person
· To safeguard from the oral cancers and any such kind of diseases.
· To ensure their overall heath and well being.
· To protect their teeth up to an extent.
5.Explain five basic key care procedures involved for oral and dental care of the older person for each of the following situations.
a) Oral care for the person with partial plate/dentures who requires supervision and prompting
) Oral and denture care of the edentulous person who requires full assistance
c) Oral care for the unconscious person
d) Screening for oral health conditions
Need
Procedure
a) Oral care for the person with partial plate/dentures who requires supervision and prompting
· Using hand soap or mild dish soap to clean the dentures, holding the dentures with towels, handle it carefully, wash it appropriately and do it once a day.
b) Oral and denture care of the edentulous person who requires full assistance
· Focusing on the issues they are facing, finding a solution to their problem, applying the solution, train them regarding the basic care steps, and monitor their approach.
c) Oral care for the unconscious person
· Gathering supplies, checking the name tag, introducing themselves to the patient and explaining the procedure, washing hands and put on gloves, raising bed to comfortable height to perform oral care.
d) Screening for oral health conditions
· Using a small mi
or and flashlight, looking at the signs of dental disease like dark spots or holes in teeth, red swollen gums, bump on the gum or any other such signs (Belleville, Fouquet, Hudon, Zomahoun & Croteau, 2017).
6.To assess the health status of the older person, information collected needs to be accurate, reliable and valid. In the table below, describe (in approximately 40 – 80 words with references) how each functional assessment tool is used to assess the health status of an older person.
Assessment tool
Description
Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)
The mini nutritional assessment is used to provide single and rapid assessment of nutritional status in elderly patients in the clinics, hospitals and nursing homes.
The Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Sore Risk
The Braden scale consists of six subscales that reflects sensory perception, skin moisture, activity, mobility, friction, shear and nutritional status. The assessment is used to predict the early identification of patients at the risk for forming pressure sores.
A
ey pain scale
The a
ey pain scale is a prominent tool that is used to assist in the assessment of pain in patients who are unable to clearly articulate their needs like the patients with communication issues and dementia.
Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
The MMSE is a test that is used to test the cognitive function among the elderly it includes the test like orientation, attention and memory (Ernst, 2021).
Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)
The GDS is a self-report measure of depression in the older adults.
Cornell Score for Depression in Dementia (CSDD)
The CDSS scale is a prominent way to scale the symptoms of depression in someone who is suffering from dementia.
7.When providing care and support to the older person, their needs can be more complex as there are often multiple diagnoses and underlying health conditions. Describe how dual or multiple diagnoses can affect the identification and prioritisation of an older person's needs. Your answer must be...