2
WSN Applications
Source ANTS & Source: Y. C.
Tseng
PERSONAL
HEALTH
CARE
ZigBee
LOW DATA-RATE
RADIO DEVICES
HOME
AUTOMATIO
N
CONSUMER
ELECTRONIC
S
TV VCR
DVD/CD
Remote
control
security
HVAC
lighting
closures
PC &
PERIPHERAL
S
consoles
portables
educational
TOYS &
GAMES
INDUSTRIAL
&
COMMERCIAL
monitors
sensors
automation
control
mouse
keyboard
joystick
monitors
diagnostics
sensors
What is ZigBee?
ZigBee relies upon the robust IEEE XXXXXXXXXXPHY/MAC to
provide reliable data transfer in noisy, interference-rich
environments
ZigBee layers on top of IEEE XXXXXXXXXXwith Mesh
Networking, Security, and Applications control
Infrequent, low rate and small packet data
Supports peer-to-peer, star and mesh networks
Security systems, smoke alarms
ZigBee Alliance: Consortium of >150 companies. An organization
with a mission to define reliable, cost effective, low-power,
wirelessly networked, monitoring and control products based on an
open global standard
The alliance provides interoperability, certification testing, and
anding.
ZigBee/ XXXXXXXXXXTechnology:
General Characteristics
Data rates of 250 kbps , 20 kbps and 40kpbs.
Star or Peer-to-Peer or Mesh operations.
Support for low latency devices.
CSMA-CA channel access.
Dynamic device addressing.
Low power consumption.
Using Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum CDMA
16 channels in the 2.4GHz ISM band, 10
channels in the 915MHz ISM band and one
channel in the European 868MHz band.
CDMA - DSSS: Direct sequence
spread spectrum
User data
Chipping sequence
Spread spectrum signal
XOR
t
tc
c
t
tsfactorspreading =
Where Does ZigBee Fit?
Range
Pe
ak
D
at
a
R
at
e
Closer Farthe
Sl
ow
e
Fa
st
e
UWB
Wireless Data
Applications
Sources: WRH + Co
Matt Maupin
Wireless Video
Applications
IrDA
802.11g
802.11
802.11a
2.5G/3G
Bluetooth™
ZigBee™
Wireless
Sensors
Wireless
Networking
Wi-Fi®
Protocol Stack Features
ZigBee
Based upon the
international IEEE
XXXXXXXXXXstandard
IEEE STD XXXXXXXXXX®
Designed by
Motorola, Philips and
other companies PHY LAYER
MAC LAYER
NETWORK/SECURTIY
LAYERS
APPLICATION FRAMEWORK
APPLICATION/PROFILES
IEEE
ZigBee
Alliance
Platform
Application
ZigBee Platform Stack
Silicon
ZigBee
ZigBee Functional Layer
Architecture and Protocol Stack
Physical (PHY) laye
Medium Access Control (MAC) laye
Network (NWK) laye
Application Sub layer (APS)
AP
Object
1
AP
Object
240
Application Framework
ZigBee
Device
Object
(ZDO)
Application Layer (APL)
ZigBee
Alliance
IEEE
XXXXXXXXXX
8
9
ZigBee End Device (RFD or FFD)
ZigBee Router (FFD)
ZigBee Coordinator (FFD)
Mesh Link
ZigBee Network Model
(Source: Matt Maupin)
RFID: Radio Frequency
Identification
❑µ-chip is produced by Hitachi
❑The smallest size (0.4 x 0.4 x
0.06mm3) on the market
❑It can store 128 bit preset
unique ID (read only)
RFID: Radio Frequency Identification
RFID is an extremely compact,
asymmetric, low-power, low-data-rate
communications technology with a
multitude of industrial and commercial
applications
Tags can be attached to almost anything:
pallets or cases of product
vehicles
company assets or personnel
items such as apparel,
luggage, laundry
people, livestock, or pets
high value electronics such
as computers, TVs, camcorders
Types of RFID
❑ Active
Tag transmits radio signal
Battery powered memory, radio &
circuitry
High Read Range ( max 1Km)
❑ Passive
Tag reflects radio signal from
eade
Reader powered
Shorter Read Range (10 cm – 5 m)
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
Source: Scientific American
❑ Tags can be read-only or read-write
❑ Tag memory can be factory or field programmed
❑ Bytes left unlocked can be rewritten over more than 100,000 times
RFID Operation
1. Reader issues Commands
2. Ca
ier signal generated by the reader
3. Ca
ier signal sent out through the antennas via RF signal
4. Ca
ier signal hits tag(s)
5. Tag receives and modifies ca
ier signal
“sends back” modulated signal
6. Antennas receive the modulated signal and send them to
the Reade
7. Reader decodes the data
Results returned to the host application
References
Jochen Schiller. Mobile Communications,
chapter 3.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.5, pages 70–72, 205–
239, 269–293. Addison Wesley, 2nd
edition, 2003.
Enterprise Solution Architecture
BlackBe
y Mobile Data System (MDS) supports MS
Exchange, Lotus Domino, Novell GroupWire, and
RIM’s own MDS systems for messaging applications
Mobile Computing Components:
Devices
Handheld Mobile Phones
Tablets
Smartcards
Smart Sensors
Mobile Handsets
Smartcards
Integrated circuit cards (ICCs) are small pocket-size cards with electronic
circuits embedded in them. Contact Smartcards have small gold-coated pins
on the chip that provide contact with the electronics circuits of the card reader
when the card is inserted in it. Example: telephone cards in public phones.
Contactless cards communicate with the card readers using the RF induction
technology
The chip embedded in a smartcard includes a computer, memory, and
transceivers.
Smartcards can communicate with the host after appropriate interchanges for
authentication. A card has a fa
ication key (to identify a card uniquely),
personalisation key (activate and program the card) and utilization lock
(server to lock/unlock the card) embedded in it
JavaCard is used to program smartcards. (Credit cards or ATM/debit cards.)
Store personal ID (photo) and personal information
Medical health records
Employees to open security locks, workplace, log in
Students to bo
ow books from their li
ary
Mobile Computing Components:
Architecture, OS, Protocol
Mobile Computing Architectural
Layers
Operating Systems
Middleware for Mobile Systems
Protocols: Communications &
Application
Mobile computing architecture in
an automobile
Client Applications
Communication
APIs
(Internet, SMS,
security,
communication
protocol
APIs fo
GUI and
eal time
display
Speech
system
APIs
Middleware components:
Traffic control services,
portal services discovery,
news, weather, stock
eports, network database
Operating System
Device hardware: display panel, speech processor, text to speech keypad, RAM, flash,
embedded processor, media processor, GPS receiver , network bus interface
GPS satellite interface, WAP gateway
Network
Mobile Computing Components:
Communications and Networks
Cellular Networks: GSM, GPRS, EDGE, 3G, 4G
(CDMA2000, W-CDMA or UMTS, LTE, LTE-
Advanced)
Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs):
802.11
Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks 802.16 -
WiMAX
Wireless Personal Area Networks (PANs):
Bluetooth, Hiperlan, Zigbee
RFID
Operating Systems (popular ones)
Google Android Platform
Apple IOS
Linux
Window 10
Symbian OS
Blackbe
y OS
The Android Platform
Apple iOS
iPhone OS was first released in June 2007. The Apple mobile
operating systems for iPhone, but also supports iPod touch,
iPad, and Apple TV.
In June 2010 licensed the trademark iOS (From Cisco IOS)
Now goes all the way up to iOS 7 for iPhone4, iPhone 5,
iPad 2, iPad Mini, iPod Touch
iPhone SDK is divided into functional sets:
Cocoa Touch: touch events and controls, accelerometer, view, camera
Media: audio mixing and recording, video player, image formats,
animation.
Core Services: network, SQLLite embedded database, GeoLocation,
and Thread
Operating System X Core: TCP/IP stack, sockets, power
management, file system, and security
Internet of Things (IoTs)
Internet of Everything
26 APCASE 2014 Keynote,
Fe
uary 10-12, 2014,
Bali
APCASE 2014 Keynote,
Fe
uary 10-12, 2014,
Bali
2
7 Things – Objects Internet of Things (IoTs)
Things in IoTs include physical as well as virtual entities. They
have a logical representation in the virtual or Internet world.
Things that can provide some services and can be
connected to anetwork infrastructure.
IERC: European Research Cluster for the Internet of Things definition
APCASE 2014 Keynote,
Fe
uary 10-12, 2014,
Bali
2
8 M2M Service Layer in IoT
2
9
freescale – White pape
Smart Objects for an IoTs
Architecture Overview
Limitations of mobile
applications?
An Example - The Remote Six-
Minute Walk test (6MWT)
3-axis
acceleomete
Bluetooth
Heart rate senso
Sp02 senso
h
Remote serve
Doctors, Carers
Smart Phone
Assessment 2 – Written Essay
20% = Group + Individual
The essay will have four main components:
Group Component: a description of the mobile application that they
will develop in the Lab. This is the group component.
Individual component 1: an analysis that clearly identifies the needs
and justification for the selected application ()
Individual component 2 a review of the technologies selected () and
Individual component 3a discussion why these technologies are
selected and deployed.
This is a group exercise and the essay is limited to 6 pages (single
space, single column, font size 11, excluding diagrams and
eferences).
Assessment 4 – Design Project 30%
(Peer + Tutor+ Report) Assessment
You have to develop scenarios (screenshots) that demonstrate
the functionality of a mobile application that you described in you
group essay. The application (for a smartphone) may be
a) an application that has not existed yet for a smartphone, o
) an existing application, but with new features not found in the
existing application.
The emphasis is on “Mobile” applications
You will use an interface prototyping tool
(such as www.mockupscreens.com or any other mock up tools
that are available on the Internet) to design the different
screens. To demonstrate the functionality of your application
we expect that you will design at least 30 different screens.
You must be able to “step through” your application
demonstrating the logical flow of screens.
http:
www.mockupscreens.com/