Microsoft PowerPoint - Week 12 - Revision
Revision
1
Exam
• The exam timetable has been released and is available on
WES.
• The exam is online, open-book, non-invigilated, and
timed.
• Downloadable exam papers.
Downloadable exam pape
• At the exam start time you will download the paper and create your
answer sheet using Microsoft Word and type your answers in it. The exam
duration times below include writing time, 10 minutes reading time and
an extra 5 minutes for downloading and uploading files.
• We suggest you set alarms to help pace yourself. We strongly recommend
you set an alarm for ten minutes before the end time below.
Remember, at the end of the time allowed, you must upload the paper
and/or answer sheet to be marked.
• This exam paper consists of three Mini Cases worth 20 marks each. Each
case has 5 questions. Answer all questions. You can create your answer
sheet using Microsoft Word and type your responses in it. Clearly label
each with the question number. Remember, at the end of the time
allowed; you must upload the answer sheet to be marked.
Exam Preparation
• Sample questions will be ready by 15th June.
• Consultations during the exam period.
• See Moodle for details.
IT Portfolio,
Modern Technologies
5
The Internet
Be connected to any
computer worldwide
in a split second
Browse, shop, learn,
explore
Play with friends
Stay connected
How do we stay
anonymous?
How do you protect
your data, your
identity?
How do you know where
your information and
data are stored and
come from?
How resilient are we
in case the Internet
ceases to exist?
Cloud Computing
Never again lose
your data
Scale indefinitely
Pay for what you use
From Capex to Opex
The environment
Global Environmental
footprint
approximately 3
times that of the
worldwide aviation
industry
Facebook’s Ca
on
Footprint equaled
55,000 cars on the
streets
The Internet of Things
http:
www.kurzweilai.net/ibm-open-sources-internet-of-things-protocol
http:
trac.nchc.org.tw/grid/wiki/jazz/Work_2010
Everything is
connected
Your fridge knows
when you run out of
milk and can send
you a message when
you are next to a
supermarket
Everything around
you gets
intelligent, you
save a lot of money
and gain convenience
Even things that you
would not expect to
e connected are,
telling someone or
something about you
and your behavio
Your fridge will
start talking to you
as every other item
you own
Social Networks/Platforms
• Social
networking
• Social profiles
• Social network
analysis
• Social
collaboration
• Wikis/Blogs/Microbl
ogs
• Collaborative office
• Collaborative
Consumption
• Social publishing
• Content sharing
• Content aggregation
• Social publishing
• Social feedback
• Social rating,
anking,
commentary
• Social content
structure
Social media
is an on-line
environment
created for the
purpose of
mass
collaboration
Wikipedia is
social media
employing wiki
technology
Social
technologies
enable social
media
Blog: Http:
logs.gartner.com/Anthony_Bradley
More and more
solutions that will
keep you connected
with your friends and
family
Solutions that
address what we are:
social
Consume what your
friends recommend
Collaborative
Consumption
(access latent
capacity)
You are not only
connected to friends and
family
Cyber bullying
Social cloud solutions
have a memory
Collaborative
Consumption (safety?
Quality? Disruption)
Mobile
Always connected
Never lose touch with
your friends and family
Have your work
environment at your
fingertip. Always.
Take photos, videos,
ecord your life
Crowdsourcing
You are always
connected!
What if you want to
spend sometime by
yourself?
Do you always need to
work? Or is it OK to
elax every now and
then?
Mobile blindness – did
you ever run into
anything because you
looked at your mobile?
Wearable Technology
Augmented reality
Your clothes and
accessories become
intelligent
They will let you
know when to slow
down
Additional
convenience
You don’t need to
check your mobile
over and over again
Who is tracking us?
Are we becoming
absent when we are
present?
Am I checking my
glass screen or the
oad ahead of me?
Do I really need to
know when I am close
to getting a heart
attack?
Advanced Robotics
Autonomous (Air) Vehicles
Less (deadly)
accidents
Better resource use
Faster deliveries
Support everything
that humans don’t
want to do / are not
uilt to do
Tens of thousands of
truck and taxi
drivers WILL lose
their jobs
An accident might
have been caused by
technology not
properly working
UAVs, civil and
military airspace?
Artificial Intelligence
Cyborg Finance
Faster, better
decision
Higher capacity
Automation
What do we humans
do?
Who is accountable
if a machine makes a
wrong decision?
3D Printing
Everything at home,
think printer for
every physical object
Need to repair
something?
Need a present?
Lost a rook in a chess
game?
Can we create items
otherwise impossible
to manufacture?
What happens to the
etail industry?
What happens to the
logistics industry?
Plastic weapons on
planes and in court
ooms?
Your steak out of the
printer?
What about
intellectual
property?
Enterprise Computing
Larger businesses
Better business
management, real
time impact
Analysis never seen
efore
Compliance and
sustainability
evamped
70% of the world
economy’s
transactions touches
an SAP system in one
way, shape or form
Think about it next
time you hit that
download or pay
utton on Apple
iTunes, eat
chocolate, or drive
a ca
1. stay connected or be isolated
2. have fun or be depressed
3. buy cheap or get ripped-off
4. drive fast or avoid driving completely
5. study free or have no time to study
6. stay healthy or
ing all junk home
7. make better choices, or bad ones
8. live longer or shorte
9. have more likes or have 3 best friends
10. make better decisions or delegate it to others
11. be competitive or kill your competito
12. have better productivity
• The roles of IT, impacted us in three main ways: Automate, Informate and Transform
Impact of IT
The DARK side of IT
1. Piracy
2. Privacy
3. Techno-Stress
4. Social Death
5. Globalization
Where do we start?
User Needs and
Preferences
Business Goals of the
organization
Strategy and
the role of IT
19
20
Who
What
When
How
Where
Why
A goal has to be
measurable and
actionable.
What is strategy based on?
• Cost efficiency
• Time efficiency
• Effectiveness
• Novelty / uniqueness
• Product
• Service
• Market
• Consistency
21
Competitive intelligence tools
Identifying Competitive Advantages
Baltzan et al., (2014)
Porter’s Five Forces Model
23
Baltzan et al., (2014)
Supply Chain
24
Baltzan et al., (2014)
Three Generic Strategies
25
Baltzan et al., (2014)
Value Chain Analysis
Baltzan et al., (2014)
Two main approaches of designing a
strategy from IT
• IT as an enabler – we have a strategy, what is the role
of IT
• IT as a trigger – we have IT, how can we create a
strategy
Levels of strategy
• Competitive / Business strategy (How to compete in each distinct
usiness or industry)
• Group or Corporate Strategy (The company’s mix of businesses and
the way that business unit strategies are integrated)
• Product / service strategy (How a particular product or service line
approaches strategy)
• Operational strategy (How operationally we attain certain goals)
28
Examples of IT systems assigned to support primary and
support activities
Infrastructure Use of corporate Intranet for internal communications
HR B2E portals
Technology CAD
Procurement Use of e-marketplaces, web-based e-procurement systems
Inbound
logistics Production
Outbound
Logistics
Marketing and
Sales
Service
EDI, e-
procurement
Computer
Integrated
Manufacturing
(CIM)
Web-based
order-tracking
system
CRM System for local
troubleshooting
So… where is IT?
Developing IT
Strategies using
Modern Technology
Portfolio
30
What are firms faced with that they
need IT for?
• Competitiveness
• Market leadership
• New market entrants
• Disruptive businesses
• Macro-economic and social conditions
• Political instabilities
• Globalization
• Market volatility
• In general, IT will allow you to do a business better, faster …
31
What IT do we have?
• SMAC-IT
• Enterprise Systems
• Security
• Technologies are getting more accessible (not just the technology, but
also the vendors, network of providers…)
• In recent times, technology limitations are getting less
32
Strategizing with technologies…
Prospective
Future effectiveness
Reactive
Cu
ent effectiveness
Proactive
Competitiveness
Isolated
Efficiency
Goal Seeking
Strategy Formulation
Issue Based
Problem solving
Top-down
Business Driven
Bottom-up
Technology Driven
33
Digital Strategy
• A digital strategy is the application of new technologies to
existing business activity and/or a focus on the enablement
of new digital capabilities to their business.
• “To succeed today, companies need a unique value
proposition that incorporates digital technologies in a way
that is difficult for competitors to replicate” (Ross et. al.,
2017)
34
Digital strategy basics…
Customer
Engagement
Digitized Solutions
Operational
Backbone
Transform
usiness models
(not just thinking
about products and
services…I am looking
at solving customer
problems)
Facilitates
Operational
Excellence
(late
90s…operational
efficiencies, it is
no longer
‘optional,’
eliable,
standardized,
efficient)
Transform Go-
to-market
(Think about the
customers…
- Personalization
- Service faste
- Life engagement)
Who
What
When
How
Where
Why
A goal has to be
SMART.
© Ross et al XXXXXXXXXXMIT
35
What are core considerations…
• Pick one strategy … perhaps sequential is the best way
• Start from operational backbone
• Be clear about strengthening the backbone
• Customer engagement
• Focus on the customer journey (not just a one-off sale)
• Consider the organizational maturity
• The focus should not only be with IT…see whether you have resources, staff,
skills, culture, etc.
36
Strategic
Alignment,
Balance and
Risk
37
Metrics: Measuring Success
• Metrics measurements that evaluate results to
determine whether a project is meeting its goals
• Goals & Objectives of Strategies:
• Create high-quality products
• Retain competitive advantages
• Reduce product costs
• Increase customer satisfaction
• Recruit and retain the best professionals
38
Key performance indicators (KPIs)
• KPIs - the quantifiable metrics a company uses to evaluate progress
towards its critical success factors
• Turnover rates of employees
• Number of product returns
• Number of new customers
• Average customer spending
• External KPI -