• All information should be gained from reliable sources. • All information should be cited using in-text citations and a reference list in APA format. · Do not use direct quotes. Read the course...

•    All information should be gained from reliable sources.
    •    All information should be cited using in-text citations and a reference list in APA format.
· Do not use direct quotes. Read the course materials, process the information, and write notes in your own words. Be sure to cite the source from which you paraphrased the information.
Please complete the following definitions and chart. Be sure to include in-text citations for paraphrased information.
Define “Theory”:
A theory is based on the rational and contemplative abstract in generalization of a phenomenon. The theory can be based on the processes like observational study and researchers that can be either scientific or simply a generalized explanation.
Define “Approach” (think Table 8 of the OTPF):
An approach is a process that assist in seeking knowledge involved in the formation as well as testing of hypothesis. In most of the cases approaches can help in answering questions in a logical and systematic manner.
    
    Who developed the theory? When was it developed?
    Provide a general description of the approach. What are the general assumptions of the approach? How is the approach used to guide treatment?
    What diagnoses, groups, or settings is the approach used for?(Be specific).
    How does the approach view function versus dysfunction?
    Additional notes
    Biomechanical
    Developed by Bolderin, Taylor, and Licht in 1995.
    The biomechanical approach is considered to a remediation or restoration approach. It is designed so that it can restore the factors that includes structural stability, strength, motion range (ROM), tissue integrity and structural stability.
Assumptions:
1. The client will have the capacity of voluntary control of body muscles.
2. The client will be able to control their minds and motivations.
Treatment:
1. Assist in maintaining structural stability specially in case of fractures.
2. Helps in maintaining a level of high endurance.
3. Assist in the volumetric analysis of edema.
    In settings the main aim of the instructor is minimizing the forces that are acting on the spine and joints. This helps in decreasing the injury risk and further helps in maximizing the forces on muscles. This also increases the benefits of physical exercise.
    Function: It help in the occupational therapy for cases like burn patients, or patient with limited strength and motion. It helps in developing strength in muscle, endurance in the central nervous system.
Dysfunction: During this kind of therapy there is possibility of imbalance within the musculoskeletal system which causes faulty movements. This can result in serious injuries.
    In many cases biomechanical approach may not help in the complete restoration in case of degenerative disease, however it helps in the maintenance of the patient through preservation in the individuals physical capabilities.
    Neurodevelopmental Treatment (NDT)
    Developed by Berta and Karl Bobath in 1995 (Dutton) and 2010 (Barthel).
    NDT is a type of treatment approach used by the speech therapist and occupational therapist for a hand-on approach of treatment process for the patient.
The primary problem includes impaired patterns in the postural control as well as movement coordination. It can not address the task specific context.
This treatment involves in the repeated experiences of movements that allows to develop a particular pattern which is accessible for the motor performance.
    In this kind of treatment, the therapist assist the patient in the movements of the key points involved in the movement. This includes pelvis, head and shoulder.
    Function: Helps in maintaining task specific postures, emphasizes in the functional activities.
Dysfunction: Improve the outcome of the neuromuscular dysfunction.
    
    Rehabilitation Guideline for Practice
    Developed by Dunton in 1995.
    Provides recommendation of the statements that are aimed in the optimization of caring adults with stroke and
ain injury.
    It provides clear recommendations that will help in the motor functioning process, mobility and maintenance of the postural control.
    Function:
Helping in patient management and providing a measurable and medically appropriate care.
Dysfunction:
Management of behavioral disorders and cognitive functioning
    
    Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)
    Developed by Kabat in 1985.
    Helps in the advanced training of achieving flexibility.
It is done through stretching, contracting the muscles that are been targeted for strength.
    There is should be maximal manual resistance with the functional directions, traction approximation and muscle activation.
    Function: Helps in the muscle activation and motor relearning.
Dysfunction:
Lack in flexibility and inability to stretch and relax muscles.
    
    The Cognitive-Behavioral Guideline for Practice
    Adapted from Bruce and...