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Please check the attached PDF file.For Q1(a), No need to explain what IGMP / IGMPv1 is. Please focus only on the "problem identified" part.For Q1(b), please only focus on identifying AND explaining...

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Please check the attached PDF file.

For Q1(a), No need to explain what IGMP / IGMPv1 is. Please focus only on the "problem identified" part.

For Q1(b), please only focus on identifying AND explaining the limitations. You do not need to explain what DVMRP is

For Q3(a), you do not need to explain IPSec, AH or ESP. Only explain 1. why you still want to use both AH and ESP on a packet, and 2. How the two headers can be used together and what security services they provide in the tunnel mode.

For Q3(b), either an argument "in favour" or "against" the use of IPSec with SSL. Reasons and examples are needed for the argument. Again, you do not need to explain what SSL and IPSec are
assignment02-2022-rqkd5zjd.pdf
Answered 3 days After Oct 07, 2022

Solution

Dr Raghunandan G answered on Oct 11 2022
65 Votes
1 a    
IGMP version 1 (IGMPv1) is predominately predicated on a query-response approach, which enables the multicast router and the multilayer switch to ascertain which multicast groups on the local subnet are now operational (have one or more hosts interested in a multicast group). Performing a poll on each and every host on the local subnet is how this goal is met. In IGMPv1, there is no mechanism that allows messages to be left behind. In the event that an IGMP Query is executed three times without yielding a Membership Report, the multicast member in question will be removed from the IGMP table of the router. It is not possible to utilize. IGMP1 with any other version or variant of the protocol. The IGMPv1 protocol does not include the ability to single out a particular sender[1]. There is no message that indicates when a station is departing (unsubscribing) a multicast group. As a result, there have been cases in which a multicast stream was transmitted to a segment after all stations had left the group. This is because there is no notification that indicates when a station is leaving a multicast group, often known as unsubscribing from the group. After a predetermined amount of time had passed, the router finally came to the conclusion that the group no longer had any active subscribers, at which point it cut off the multicast feed.
1b
· If the networks are dispersed or are transmitting packets of data to weakly devices connected, DVMRP can generate a lot of congestion. DVMRP is therefore only effective on intensive
oadcasts over larger bandwidth networks.
· This data is too much if a shortest route is built for each group ID supplied. This demonstrates the scaling limitations of DVMRP.Compared to link state, it converges more slowly.Due to the count-to-infinity concern, it may become an issue.
· It has no mechanism for avoiding LANs where the multicast group contains no members, hence it actually floods the network.Additional restriction is that every router associated with a LAN can forward a certain packets over that LAN[3].As every router needs to be aware of the next router, the distance vector routing produces a bigger routing tables than the link state in wider networks. This may cause WAN connections to become more congested.
3a A series of protocols known as Internet Protocol Security (IPsec), one of which is known as Encapsulating...
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