OPTIONAL ASSIGNMENT
5 points
The following assignment is optional. Credit/points will be awarded based on the criteria identified in ru
ic
and applied to the final exam. The completed assignment must be uploaded as a PDF file no later than 11:59
PM on Monday, November 22. Late assignments will not be reviewed for credit.
You are encouraged to use resources available to you through the li
ary and your textbooks. Information in
the table is expected to reflect understanding of pharmacology at the level of a prescriber and should be
cu
ent, accurate, clinically relevant, and concise. Cite information as appropriate.
Create a table of all noninsulin products (include both generic and
and name) cu
ently approved to treat
type 2 diabetes. Organize your table into subsections based on drug class (e.g., all sulfonylureas should appear
in one subsection, all SGLT-2 inhibitors should appear in another section, etc.). For each section you should
identify the primary mechanism of action, physiologic response, routes of administration (oral/subcutaneous),
anticipated A1C reduction (low/moderate/high), risk for hypoglycemia as monotherapy (yes/no), effects on
weight (loss/neutral/gain), impact on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (harm/neutral
enefit), and major
adverse effect(s).
Lastly, indicate whether role therapy is primarily to control mealtime blood glucose, fasting blood glucose, or
oth and identify the relative cost (low/moderate/high) to a patient for a 30-day supply based on average
wholesale acquisition costs (WAC).
Format your table to include the headers shown in the following example:
Grading Ru
ic: Points
Cu
ent 1
Accurate (factually co
ect) Information 1
Clinically Relevant 1
Concise 1
Reflects understanding of pharmacology at the level of a prescriber. 1
NONINSULIN PRODUCTS CURRENTLY APPROVED TO TREAT TYPE 2 DIABETES
Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) Receptor Agonists
exenatide (Byetta) → avoid if eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73m2
exenatide extended release (Bydureon, Bydureon BCise) → avoid if eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73m2
dulaglutide (Trulicity)
semaglutide (Ozempic, Rybelsus)
liraglutide (Victoza)
↳ + insulin degludec (Xultophy)
lixisenatide (Adlyxin) → avoid if eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73m2
↳ + insulin glargine (Soliqua)
Mechanism
of Action
Physiologic
Response
Route
A1C
Reduction
Hypoglycemia
Risk
Weight ASCVD
Adverse
Effects
Prandial,
Basal, or
Both
Cost
analog of
the
hormone
incretin
(GLP-1)
activates
GLP-1
eceptors
↑ insulin
secretion
(glucose
dependent)
↓ glucagon
secretion
(glucose
dependent)
slows
gastric
emptying
↑ satiety
SC/Oral High No Loss Benefit:
• dulaglutide
• liraglutide
• semaglutide
nausea,
vomiting,
dia
hea
injection
site
eactions
isk of
thyroid C-
cell tumors
(rats)
pancreatitis
cholelithiasis
Both:
short-acting
vs
long acting
High