Type of Injury
Data for the specific Injury (Stats and Actual Facts)
Prevention Strategies for the injuries
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Instructions
As you can see from the material, injuries play a big role in Public Health.  For this assignment, you will create a chart with data specific to injuries and injury prevention.  Your chart will have 5 rows, each with a different type of injury that impacts Public Health.  At the top of the chart, you will have 2 columns.  You will populate the columns with 1.  Data for the specific injury listed  2.  Prevention strategies for the specific injury listed. Â
How will you know if you have been successful with this assignment:
By the end of the assignment, you will have identified 5 types of injuries, stated the rate they occur, and provided information on prevention strategies. An example of the template is provided. you can modify it to your personal style as long as the columns and headings remain the same.
Slide 1
Injuries as a Community and
Public Health Problem
Chapter 15
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Chapter Objectives (1 of 3)
After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
Describe the importance of injuries as a community and public health problem.
Explain why the terms accidents and safety have been replaced by the cu
ently more acceptable terms unintentional injuries, injury prevention, and injury control when dealing with such occu
ences.
Briefly explain the difference between intentional and unintentional injuries and provide examples of each.
Summarize the epidemiology of unintentional injuries; that is, when, where, and to whom do injuries occur.
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Chapter Objectives (2 of 3)
List strategies for the prevention and control of unintentional injuries.
Explain how education, regulation, automatic protection, and litigation can reduce the number and seriousness of unintentional injuries.
Define the term intentional injuries and provide examples of behavior that results in intentional injuries.
Describe the significance of intentional injuries as a community and public health problem in the United States.
Discuss risk factors for intimate partner violence.
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Chapter Objectives (3 of 3)
List some contributing factors to domestic violence and some strategies for reducing it.
Define the term youth gang and explain how youth gangs finance themselves. Explain why some young people join these gangs.
Give examples of ways communities can reduce youth gang activity.
Discuss local, state, and national resources available to communities for reducing the number and severity of international injuries resulting from violence in the community.
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Introduction
Definitions
Injury
Unintentional injuries
Intentional injuries
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Cost of Injuries to Society (1 of 3)
Leading cause of death and disability in the world
Globally, about 6 million people die from injuries each yea
Fatal injuries
Disabling injuries
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Cost of Injuries to Society (2 of 3)
FIGURE 15.1 Injury deaths: United States, 2018.
Data from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention XXXXXXXXXXFatal injury reports. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (WISQARSTM). Available at https:
webappa.cdc.gov/saswe
ncipc/mortrate.html.
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Cost of Injuries to Society (3 of 3)
FIGURE 15.2 Burden of injury—United States, 2018.
Data from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention XXXXXXXXXXFatal injury reports. National Center for Injury Prevention & Control: Data & Statistics (WISQARSTM). Available at https:
webappa.cdc.gov/saswe
ncipc/mortrate.html; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
National Centers for Health Statistics XXXXXXXXXXSummary health statistics for the U.S. population: National Health Interview Survey, 2014. Available at http:
ftp.cdc.gov/pu
Health_Statistics
NCHS/NHIS/SHS/2014_SHS_Table_P-8.pdf; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020).
Nonfatal injury data. Injury Prevention & Control: Data & Statistics (WISQARSTM). Available at http:
www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/nonfatal.html.
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Unintentional Injuries
Cause of nearly three-fourths of all injury-related deaths in U.S.
Injury prevention or injury control
Hazards
Unsafe act or unsafe condition
Types of unintentional injuries
Poisonings
Motor vehicle crashes
Falls
Other types of unintentional injuries
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Poisonings
Leading cause of unintentional injury death in 2018
Unintentional ingestion of fatal doses of medicines and drugs
Exposure to gases and vapors
Exposure to toxic substances in the workplace or elsewhere
Most occur in the home
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Motor Vehicle Crashes
Second leading type of unintentional injury death
Majority of those killed are
Drivers
Passengers
Pedestrians
Motorcyclists
Pedalcyclists
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11
Falls
Third leading cause of unintentional injury death
Account for about one-third of all nonfatal injuries in U.S.
Disproportionately affect elders
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Epidemiology of Unintentional Injuries
Account for large number of early deaths in U.S.
Incapacitation significant problem
High economic impact
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Person (1 of 2)
Age
Leading cause of death in children and ages 1–44
Gende
Males more likely to be involved in fatal unintentional injuries
Minority status
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Person (2 of 2)
FIGURE 15.4 Rates of medically consulted injuries by age and sex, 2017.
Data from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention XXXXXXXXXXNonfatal injury reports. Injury Prevention & Control: Data & Statistics (WISQARSTM). Available at http:
www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/nonfatal.html.
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Place (1 of 2)
Unintentional injuries occur wherever people are
Home, work, roads
More occur in and around the home than anywhere else
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Place (2 of 2)
FIGURE 15.7 Unintentional injury deaths by sector—United States, 2017.
Data from National Safety Council XXXXXXXXXXInjury facts, 2019 edition. Itasca, IL. Author.
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Time
Seasonal variations in various causes of unintentional injuries
Month
Day of week
Time of day
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Alcohol and Other Drugs as Risk Factors
Alcohol may be most important factor contributing to injuries
Involved in high number of motor vehicle crashes
Also related to water-related deaths
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Prevention Through Epidemiology (1 of 2)
Early contributors for injury prevention and control
Huge DeHaven
John E. Gordon
James Gibson
William Haddon, Jr.
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Prevention Through Epidemiology (2 of 2)
Model for unintentional injuries: Triangle
Environment, host, and energy-producing agent
FIGURE 15.10 The public health model for unintentional injuries.
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Prevention and Control Tactics
Based on the Model
Prevent accumulation of energy producing agent
Prevent inappropriate release of excess energy
Place ba
ier between host and agent
Separate host from potentially dangerous sources of energy
Other tactics
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Community Approaches to Prevention
of Unintentional Injuries
Injury prevention education: Process of changing people’s health-directed behavio
Regulation: Enacting and enforcing laws to control conduct
Automatic protection: Modifying products or environments to reduce risk
Litigation: Seeking justice for injury through courts
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Intentional Injuries
Outcome of self-directed or interpersonal violence
Staggering community health problem in the U.S.
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Types of Intentional Injuries
Assaults, rapes, suicides, homicides
Can be perpetrated against family members, community members, or complete strangers
Costly due to loss of life and productivity, and economic cost to community
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Epidemiology of Intentional Injuries
Interpersonal violence disproportionately affects those frustrated, hopeless, jobless, living in poverty, with low self-esteem
More acts committed by males
Firearms increasingly involved
Alcohol and drug use contributes
Perpetrators more likely to have been abused or neglected as children or exposed to violence
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Homicide, Assault, Rape, and
Property Crimes
Males, blacks, and young people experience highest rates of violent victimization
Less than half of all violent crimes committed are reported to police
2018: Only 25% of rapes and sexual assaults reported to police
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Suicide and Attempted Suicide
Suicide rate for men four times that for women
Suicide second leading cause of death for ages 10–34
Third leading cause for ages 35–54
Suicide rates for elder men are highest for any population subgroup
When reported by race, American Indian/Alaska Natives have highest rates
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Firearm Injuries and Injury Deaths
Intentional and unintentional acts, firearms third leading cause of injury death
Highest risk for homicide and suicide involving firearms are teenage boys and young men
Guns on school property
Absence of detailed federally supported reporting system
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Violence in Our Society and
Resources for Prevention
Individuals and violence
Family violence and abuse
Child maltreatment
Child abuse
Child neglect
Prevention of child maltreatment
Elder maltreatment and prevention
Intimate partner violence
Prevention of intimate partner violence
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Violence in Schools
Victimization rates have declined since 1992
Fighting and weapon ca
ying
Zero tolerance policies
Bullying and being bullied
Safe Schools/Healthy Students Initiative
Youth violence after school
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Violence in Our Communities
Youth gang violence
Costs to the community
Community response
State response
Federal response
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Discussion Questions
What levels of prevention can be most effective in reducing violence in communities?
How can unintentional injury rates continue to decline in the coming decades?
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