Health System and Economics “Canada’s Medicare “
Health System and Economics
“Canada’s Medicare “
Group members:
Introduction
Canada’s legislation works together with the help of federal and the provincial governments.
In 1867 under the Constitution Act was set up which was made responsible for:
Establishing sound health system.
Maintaining health staff.
Managing healthcare sectors and other charitable institutions.
By 1950, the federal government passed the Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act which aimed at:
Providing universal coverage for particular services of health.
And 4years later it was decided that the government would fund the health sector.
5 Principles of Canada’s Health Sphere
Public Administzingration: It includes the planning, organizing, directing, coordinating and controlling of government operations so as to
ing out maximum benefit from the healthcare.
Comprihensiveness: necessary services provided by hospitals comprehensively, for example cancer patients are treated not only medically but also psychologically.
Accessibility: reasonable access to health departments and physicians without ba
iers of discrimination.
Universality: All insured people are entitled to health services uniformly.
Portability: The provincial and te
itorial government planned to cover all insured persons, when they move to another province or te
itory within and outside Canada.
The percentage of GDP spent on health in comparison to that of Australia:
POPULATION OF CANADA
35.85 millions
Total health expenditure reached $264 billion which constituted 11.6% of gross domestic product (GDP).
Report: (National Health Expenditure Trends, 2019)
POPULATION OF AUSTTRALIA
23.78 millions
In XXXXXXXXXX, an estimated $185.4 billion was spent on health which constituted 10% of overall economic activity. The major spending went on hospitals(40%) and primary health care(34%).
Author: AIHW
Publication: 25 sep 2019
4
Funding and its Sources:
Funding is done through
Federal taxation
Te
itorial taxation
Provincial taxation
Such as charging for :
Charging for health premium on their residents.
Sales taxes
Payroll levies
All these raise funds
https:
www.ephpp.ca
https:
www.ephpp.ca/
SHARES OF FUNDING
Provincial / Te
itorial Government – 65%
Private Sector- 30%
Social Security Funds- 1%
Municipal Governments- 1%
Federal Direct- 4%
Role of government in healthcare
Not only funds are gathered for health services other provisions fo
Sanitation
Supply of clean drinking wate
Education and awareness generation
Control of infections
Setting up free health camps
Research activities
are also made for the people of Canada.
How expenditures for public health services, including prevention programs, are estimated
(CIHI, 2009)
Carlos
How expenditures for public health services, including prevention programs, are estimated
(CIHI, 2009)
Carlos
Expenditure mix (private and public)
(Government of Canada, 2020a)
Carlos
Health promoting and financing;
(CIHI, 2009)
(CIHI, 2009)
Carlos
(CIHI, 2009)
(Government of Canada, 2020b)
Carlos
Explaining Expenditures: The Underlying trends
Demographic
Health care spending is highest on seniors. Although per-person spending increases considerably with age — from $6,656 for those aged 65 to 69 to $20,793 for those aged 80 and older. Population aging is a modest driver of increasing health care costs, at about 1% per year.
Technology
Despite the fact that technology generally increases costs in the short term, technology can also be a major factor in reducing costs in the medium and long terms.
Changes in Treatment (Utilization of Hospital Care)
The past decade has seen changes in the utilization of hospital care. While there has been a slight decrease in the number of beds, there has been a modest increase in the average length of stay and a slight increase in the average amount of resources consumed by inpatients.
Canada’s Universal Health Care System
Canada’s Universal Health Care System
Medicare
Universal coverage for medically necessary health care services provided on the basis of need, rather than the ability to pay.
To be eligible to receive full federal cash contributions for health care, each provincial and te
itorial (P/T) health insurance plan needs to comply with the five pillars of the Canada Health Act, which stipulate that it be:
Publicly administered
Comprehensive in coverage conditions
Universal
Portable across provinces
Accessible (for example, without user fees).
Economic Levers to achieve better health outcomes in Canada
GDP
It is anticipated that, overall, health spending will represent 11.6% of Canada's gross domestic product (GDP). Higher the GDP, more money can be used for better health outcomes
Employment rate
Higher the employment rate, more people would be able to get employer based or private health insurance. In 2017, private insurance was estimated to account for 12 percent of total health spending.
Economic Levers to achieve better health outcomes in Canada
Encourage cost-effective investment in preventive health
Canada’s state and te
itory governments can routinely trial and evaluate prevention initiatives.
Improving Poverty Rate
Estimates place the cost of poverty on the Canadian health care system to be $7.6 billion.
Enacting policies to end poverty is the best step forward legally, morally and economically.
References
CIHI XXXXXXXXXXHow has health spending growth changed over the last 40+ years? | CIHI - Retrieved on 04/08/2020. Canadian Institute for Health Information. https:
www.cihi.ca/en/how-has-health-spending-growth-changed-over-the-last-40-years
CIHI, C. I. F. H. I XXXXXXXXXXNational Health Expenditure Trends XXXXXXXXXXIn Health (San Francisco) (Issue October).
Government of Canada. (2020a). Canada’s Health Care System - Canada.ca - Retrieved on 04/08 . https:
www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/health-care-system
eports-publications/health-care-system/canada.html#a7
Government of Canada. (2020b). Programs and policy development – Public Health Agency of Canada - Canada.ca - Retrieved on 04/08/2020. Government of Canada. https:
www.canada.ca/en/public-health/programs.html
Marchildon, G., & Matteo, L. Di XXXXXXXXXXHealth Care Cost Drivers : The Facts, Spending and Workforce. Canadian Institute for Health Information, 1–33.
Martin, D., Miller, A. P., Quesnel-Vallée, A., Caron, N. R., Vissandjée, B., & Marchildon, G. P XXXXXXXXXXCanada’s universal health-care system: achieving its potential. The Lancet, XXXXXXXXXX), 1718–1735. https:
doi.org/10.1016/S XXXXXXXXXX
Health promotionChronic disease prevention
Infectious disease prevention and
control
Health security
Aboriginal Head Start in U
an and Northern
Communities (AHSUNC) program
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(CAPC)
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