You will be:
1. reading Ch. 10 in our textbook and, if you choose, making your way through the attached na
ated PowerPoint on that chapter;
CH 10 - THE PRESIDENCY-2.pptx Download CH 10 - THE PRESIDENCY-2.pptx
1. reading the attached essay "The Prince" by Nicolo Machiavelli
Machiavelli-3.pdf Download Machiavelli-3.pdf
3. Going through the attached na
ated PowerPoint on "The Prince"
Machiavelli's The Prince-1.pptx Download Machiavelli's The Prince-1.pptx
Once you have done all of the above, please give considertion, do some research on and pick TWO recent US Presidents to compare and contrast through Machiavelli's lens. Here are a few POTUSs to choose from:
Donald J. Trump
Barack H. Obama
George W. Bush
Bill Clinton
George H.W. Bush
Ronald Reagan
Please write a 3-4 pages essay for analyzing your two Presidents from Machiavelli's perspective, highlighting the following:
· You will recall that "The Prince" is Machiavelli's lesson plan for what makes a good leader. Please pay close attention to the attributes and attitudes that Machiavelli believes a good leader must possess (or, at least pretend to possess :0).
· Please pay particular attention to what characteristics Machiavelli believes makes a leader strong and do these apply to your choice and why?
· What does Machiavelli say about "the instrumentality of violence?" What does he mean and where might you see it in the administration(s) of your two Presidents?
· What does Machiavelli say about "villainy"? What is it and why should it be avoided? Have your Presidents ever engaged in it? Please be specific.
· Finally, is it better to be loved or feared, according to Machiavelli and why? How does this look in your two Presidents?
Machiavelli.pdf
“The Prince” by: Nicolo Machiavelli
“THE PRINCE”
y:
Nicolo Machiavelli
Not that Prince…..
This Prince
Who was Machiavelli?
Italy before Italy was ITALY
Why was he writing “The Prince”?
And, to whom was it directed?
Lorenzo de’Medici
Had just reclaimed Florence
“Men must be caressed or annihilated”
Machiavelli was concerned with two things
Organization of Powe
Who to conque
How to conque
Who to kill
When and how to kill as an exercise of POWER
Preservation of Powe
”Instrumentality of violence”
A need for an “economy of violence”
The security of man (and a Prince) is impossible unless it is conjoined with powe
The “Dos” and “Don’ts” of Conquest
If you can garner their favor and avoid force, do it.
If by favor, DON’T CHANGE THEIR LAWS, TAXES or take their PROPERTY
“men forget the death of their father more easily than..their patrimony (inheritance)”
“power goes to the one who abstains from interfering with their property”
If you must conquer by force DO IT FAST AND PUBLICALLY
“commit all cruelties at once” WTF???
“fear [thus, control] is maintained by a dread of punishment, which never fails”
Whatever you do, DON’T ENGAGE IN VILLANY
What is it?
Why avoid it?
”He who builds on the People alone, builds on mud”
Princes must APPEAR to have these qualities
Mercy
Faith/Religion
Integrity
Humanity (tough one with all the killing )
One Last Question…..
Is it better to be
LOVED o
FEARED?
“..men love at their own free will, but fear at the will of the Prince. A wise prince must rely on what is in his power and not on the power of others.”
Ch. 10 – The Presidency
Ch. 10 – The Presidency
“When a President Acts in the absence of either a congressional grant or denial of authority…there is a zone of twilight in which he and congress may haVe concu
ent authority.”
- Supreme court justice Jackson (steel seizure case)
Constitutional Basis:
Article II:
Sec. 1 - ”The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America.”
Sec. 3 – “He shall see that the laws be faithfully executed.”
Constitutional QUALIFICATIONS AND POWER
Natural Born Citizen, at least 35 years old and citizen of US for 14 years (Same for successors)
Unlimited 4 year terms until 22nd amendment (1951) = 2 x 4 year terms (8 years total)
Powe
Vesting clause = “Executive power shall vest in a President of the United States”
Very vague, why?
”Plasticity of the Presidency is molded by each occupant in combination with needs and challenges of the day”
The exercise of presidential power
Stewardship theory (FDR) vs. Constitutional theory
The Power to appoint and remove
His cabinet serves at “the President’s pleasure” and can be fired by the President
Career civil servants cannot be fired by President
The Power to reprieve and pardon
THE PRESIDENT’S POSSE – HE NEEDS BACK UP!
THE CABINET (15 DEPARTMENTS WITH SECRETARIES NOMINATED BY PRESIDENT, APPROVED BY SENATE) = MOST POWERFUL ADVISORS !!!
State, Justice, Treasury, Defense, Education, Housing and U
an Development, Homeland Security etc.
THE WHITE HOUSE STAFF
THE EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT (OMB, NSC AND COUCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISORS)
VICE PRESIDENT
The Cabinet
SUCCESSION – WHO GETS THE JOB WHEN HE IS UNABLE OR UNWILLING?
VICE PRESIDENT FIRST IN LINE – ART. II, SEC. 1. “…THE SAME SHALL DEVOLVE ON THE VICE PRESIDENT”
VP MUST MEET CONSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS (NATURAL BORN CITIZEN, 35 YEARS OLD, 14 YEAR RESIDENT
IF BOTH PRESIDENT AND VP UNABLE, CONGRESS MAY “DECLARE WHAT OFFICER SHALL THEN ACT AS PRESIDENT”
PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION ACT OF 1947 (WE NEEDED MORE PEOPLE) – and WHY THESE PEOPLE???
SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE, PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE OF THE SENATE THEN THE CABINET (IN ORDER OF DATE ESTABLISHED)
THE PRESIDENT – FOREIGN POLICY
CHIEF DIPLOMAT – ENTERS INTO TREATIES THAT THEN MUST BE APPROVED BY SENATE
DOESN’T ALWAYS GO WELL – TREATY OF VERSAILLES (LEAGUE OF NATIONS) REJECTED
EXECUTIVE AGREEMENTS ARE MADE BETWEEN HEADS OF STATE THAT DO NOT NEED SENATE APPROVAL
CASE ACT XXXXXXXXXXMANDATES SEC. OF STATE SUBMIT ALL FINAL EAS TO CONGRESS FOR APPROVAL
THE POWER OF WAR
CONGRESS NEEDS TO CONTROL THE POWER OF THE SWORD
THE PRESIDENT SHALL BE THE “COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF THE ARMY AND NAVY..” (ART II, SEC. 2)
WHAT DOES THAT MEAN? HISTORICALLY, TO SEND TROOPS INTO BATTLE TO “REPEL SUDDEN ATTACKS AGAINST THE U.S.
CONGRESS SHALL HAVE THE POWER TO DECLARE WAR.. (ART. I, SEC. 8)
WHAT DOES THAT MEAN? LARGELY CEREMONIAL, NOT A DIRECTIVE (BUT SHOWS UNITY WITH PRESIDENT)
WE’VE ONLY FORMALLY DECLARED WAR 5 TIMES (1812, MEXICAN-AMERICAN, SPANISH-AMERICAN, WWI AND WW II.
WAR POWERS ACT OF 1972 (PRESIDENT CAN SEND TROOPS ONLY FOR 60 DAYS, CONGRESS =$$)
PRE-EMPTION (GEORGE W. BUSH AND IRAQ)
PRESIDENTIAL VETO POWER
WHAT IS A VETO? (10 DAY RULE) AND WHAT IS OVER-RIDE?
WHAT IS A POCKET VETO?
NO LINE ITEM VETO ON FEDERAL LEVEL
THE NEED TO KEEP SOME THINGS SECRET
“THE NEED FOR EVIDENCE IN A PUBLIC HEAIRNG OR TRANSPARENCY CAN OUTWEIGH CONFIDENTIALITY”
WHAT IS EXECUTIVE PRIVILEGE?
DO YOU AGREE WITH IT?
US VS. NIXON (1973)
PRESIDENTIAL CABINET
Treasury
1789
State
1789
Justice
1789
Interio
1849
Defense
1789
Agriculture
1862
Commerce
1903
Labo
1913
Energy
1977
Health &
Human
Services
1953
Education
1979
Homeland
Security
2000
Transportation
1977
Housing &
U
an Dev.
1965
Veterans Affairs
1989