Solution
Rimsha answered on
Oct 31 2021
Introduction:Â
Chronic diseases have caused a serious impact on the peoples’ quality of life, both socially and economically (Skelly, 2016). This includes the loss of independence, lifestyle limitations, social isolation, discrimination, stigma and potential disability. Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common chronic illness in Australia, which accounted for 11% of death in 2017 (Australian Institute of health and welfare, 2017). It also ranked as seventh in the leading cause of death with 4839 deaths in Australia (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2017).
The effect of T2DM can resulted in several health complications and may also affect the patients’ performance in completing daily life activities (ADLs), family relationship, living conditions, and contributing to the society (Lubkin & Larsen, 2013). This disease also become the leading cause of workplace disability, loss of income, the inability to work, career burden, altered body image (Lubkin & Larsen, 2013). The complications of T2DM have affected healthcare system by increasing the cost of administration to hospital, increase in health services for long-term care. Therefore, the management of diabetes is essential to prevent prolong complications as well as improving the quality of life.
This essay will provide information about the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, signs and symptoms, and its effect on the patient’s life. Furthermore, the use of interprofessional practice following the role of nurses in the team, the role of nurses in illness prevention and self-management, and nurse’s response to changing patient needs Finally, the recommendations for practice also be discussed to promote effective care delivery.
The pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes:Â
Type 2 diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus) is the most common form of diabetes (AIHW, 2017). The pathogenesis of T2D includes insulin resistance and insulin deficiency due to the dysfunction of beta cell in the pancreas (Skelly, 2016). The insulin resistance occurs when there is a decreased response of peripheral tissues to insulin, which caused due to abnormal receptors function in target cells (Skelly, 2016).
The accumulation of fatty acids causing inflammation and oxidative to body cells may lead to the damage of insulin receptors on the cell’s surface (Skelly, 2016). The lack of insulin binding on cells receptors can impair the transportation of glucose into the cells, that lead to glucose to accumulate in the bloodstream (Anderson & Deravin-Malone, 2016).Besides, when the body cells are unable to uptake glucose therefore it stimulates liver to produce more glucose into the blood, leading hyperglycaemia (Craft & Gordon, 2015). On the contrary, pancreas failed to meet the demand resulted into insulin resistance.
The common signs and symptoms of disease are polyuria, increased thirst(polydipsia), fatigue, blu
ed vision, skin wounds slow healing and weight loss, cardiovascular disorder, and psychological issues such as stress and anxiety (Casey, 2018). Polyuria occurs due to the increase of glucose being filleted in the kidneys. These glucose acts as an osmotic diuretic, which secrete an osmotic gradient preventing, reabso
of water, resulting in the large amount of water loss in the urine (Sen, Chakraborty & De, 2016). The loss of fluid in the body system stimulates the production of antidiuretic (ADH) and thirst, which also called as polydipsia (Casey, 2018).
Interprofessional Practice and role of nurses in it:
Interprofessional practise can be defined as the process of collaboration of the various healthcare professionals to communicate, take decision, and display synergistic influence of grouped knowledge and skills to meet common goals, and ensure highest quality of care to the patient and its family (Reeves et al, 2017). Effective interprofessional teamwork can increase patient access to healthcare, enhance patient safety, and enhance patient satisfaction (Peach, 2014). Moreover, it may also help the team to overcome ba
iers in providing holistic care and improve the patient’s expected outcome (Nicotera, Mahon & Wright, 2014). In contrastingly, poor interprofessional collaboration can lead to a negative health outcome (DiazGranados et al., 2018).
The nurse’s role in interprofessional practice
Nurses play a crucial role in the success of interprofessional practice. To achieve interprofessional person-centred care, nurses are responsible for establishing coordination and communication between healthcare professionals so that successful interprofessional care can be established (Chang & Johnson, 2014). In the context of diabetes, patients need assistance from several health care professionals including podiatrist, dietician, physiotherapist, physician, diabetic nurse, optician, social worker and counselling service (Smolowitz et al, 2015).
Therefore, effective communication skills are extremely important. Moreover, nurses develop mutual trust and respect towards other health care professionals of the team to create a positive working environment for professional’s development (Nester, 2016). Furthermore, nurses share their knowledge and skills to support the team in achieving patient goal outcomes as they provide a regular update about the patient’s condition (Chang & Johnson, 2014).
Nurses’ role in following:
Illness prevention
Primary healthcare nurses play an important role in identify, monitor, provide support, education, illness prevention and management of the disease (Dahl-Popolizio et al., 2017). Illness prevention can be defined as the process of preventing the occu
ence or delaying the onset of chronic conditions and reducing the risk of developing additional complications of the disease (objective 1, Australian Health Ministers' Advisory Council, 2017).
For initial treatment, the primary care nurse monitors the patient appearance, their vital signs, blood glucose levels, weight and height (Anderson & Deravin-Malone, 2016). Patient appearances can indicate their overall health condition such as blu
ed vision, frequent urination, pallor (Anderson & Deravin-Malone, 2016). Furthermore, nurses should also assess the patients’ diet plan and encourage exercise to maintain a healthy lifestyle (Bakris, 2011). Education on nutrition is important to assist the patient with controlling their weight and HbA1 levels (Nuovo, 2017). It is important to refer patient to check their HbA1c and cholesterol annually, which enable the health care professionals to indicate the risk of developing diabetes complications (Nuovo, 2017). In addition, nurses should also manage, educate and support the patient with medication adherence in order to enhance the patient health outcome (Chang & Johnson, 2014).
However, some patients who have been suffering from...