I have submitted 3 copies of assessment please read carefully making report on them and i sent you pdf file also and most of the part 1 would complete by this pdf and you have to choose 1 particular...

Running Head: ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT                1
ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT         9
PUBH6002: GLOBAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT
Table of Contents
Introduction    3
Part 1:    3
Part 2:    5
Conclusion    7
References    8
Introduction
Water is a major natural resource that is being required by every individual to survive. Whether the organism is human or animal, water is the basic necessity and since, human body consist of 70% water; therefore, availability of safe drinking water is must. Rajasthan in India is a deserted place where average precipitation is very less the than the requirement of the individual residing there. Due to this only, water becomes a major limiting factor for survival and especially during winter and in 2016, 13,500 villagers in Rajasthan ran out of drinking water (Singh, 2016). Cu
ent study analyses the driving forces that affects the water availability and potential measures taken by authorities and individuals to fulfil the requirement.
Part 1:
Water scarcity has always been prevalent in the deserted city of India that is Rajasthan and the major cause behind that is the lack of rainfall. However, there have been other reasons identified that are affecting the potable water availability with in the state. In order to provide a critical review of the reasons, DPSSEA framework can be used. Driving forces, Pressures, State, exposures, Effects and Actions are the major pillars, on which the DPSSEA stands. As mentioned by Von Schirnding and World Health Organization, (2002), this framework basically represents the components responsible for an environmental issue in a linear fashion that connects the factors effecting environment and health directly by presenting the interactions at different levels by the means of different components.
Reasons behind the water scarcity or the lack of potable water can also be analysed using the components provided by this framework.
Driving forces – The major driving force that have been identified behind the lack of safe drinking water is the arid climate and high evaporation rate, due to which the ground water levels decreases at a very fast rate. Further presence of heavy metals, fluoride and other minerals pollutes the ground water due to leaching. The surface is polluted due to sewage and industrial effluents. Further, the textile industry of Rajasthan discharges a lot of waste in form of dyes that leads to heavy metal accumulation and pollutes surface water (Rajras, 2018). As supported by the study presented by Mittal, Rani and Mehra (2017), they analysed the drinking water samples from 10 locations selected from all over Rajasthan for various heavy metals. They found that almost all the other heavy metals were present in safe quantity except iron, cerium and lead. Further, they mentioned that prolonged presence of these results in chemical threats for the inhabitants.
Pressures – Major water consumption has been observed from human water drinking, livestock, commercial and agricultural use and power generation. Rajasthan is the state that possesses 10% of India’s total land but with only 1% of country’s water resources. Garg (2018) specifically mentioned that the consumption rates of Rajasthan reflect very nominal use of water; instead, the availability is not much, which can be exploited. However, industries and agriculture practices pressures the natural sources and also have high consumption.
State of Environment – Arid condition of the state do not allow the rivers to flow annually and most of rivers are perennial. Moreover, 5.3 % of...