· This week, you will submit your informative paper. The title for the assignment is: Do Not Resuscitate (DNR).
This 4- to 5-paragraph paper explores a controversial topic in an informative style. This means that the writer must present an equal amount of information for both points-of-view related to the topic without providing personal thought or opinion. Provide factual information from credible sources to highlight each side. Your paper must include:
· Introduction (1 paragraph)
· Body (2–3 paragraphs)
Remember to use APA formatted in-text citations throughout your paper.
· Conclusion (1 paragraph)
· Reference page written in APA format, in which you list a minimum of 4 total resources.
I am also enclosing the outline and thesis statement that the writer has completed. Please go over the outline and thesis statement to ensure that the assignment is well written and to the point as stated above.
*******I would also like to have the same writer who did the annotated bibliography, the outline and thesis statement do this last part of the assignment.
Should you have any questions, please feel free to contact me via email XXXXXXXXXX or telephone XXXXXXXXXX.
Thanks for all you do!!!!!!!!!
Running Head: INFORMATIVE PAPER OUTLINE AND THESIS STATEMENT 1
INFORMATIVE PAPER OUTLINE AND THESIS STATEMENT XXXXXXXXXX1
Informative Paper Outline and Thesis Statement
Westania Durin
West Coast University
ENGL 240 Written Communication II
Professor Rosie Branciforte
November 17, 2019
I. Introduction
a. Hook
Is do not resuscitate a last wish of patients or wish of death for patients?
. Thesis Statement
Do Not Resuscitate was introduced to empower people so that they can decide whether they want natural death or resuscitation, yet most of the hospitals failed to implement Do not resuscitate order properly.
II. Supporting Viewpoint
a.Topic Sentence
Do not resuscitate order when chosen by the patients, most of them failed to get proper care in the hospital. There is a lack of proper knowledge among healthcare professionals, which restricts them to give the necessary care in the hospital settings. There is a very high rate of mortality among the hospitals following a Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order.
. Viewpoint 1
As suggested by Saha et al. (2016), the mortality rate is very high among patients with DNR order when compared to other patients in the intensive unit. Patients with DNR order failed to get the intensive palliative care and necessary services that they want. Healthcare settings failed to understand the type of care, which needs to be given to the patient under a DNR order. Low resources allocated towards these patients which reduces their health outcomes. “There is insufficient data about the factors that impact DNR and end of life decision making.” (Saha et al. 2016).
c. Viewpoint 2
As mentioned by Walkey, Weinberg, Wiener, Cooke and Lindenauer (2016), DNR status of the patients reduced the accountability of the healthcare setting. When the condition of the patients become worsen due to the mistakes or lack of efforts of the healthcare professionals, all the healthcare professionals, get saved from the legal suits and their approach towards the patients is very casual. Patients when failed to get the proper treatment, healthcare professionals do not hold accountable for any situation. “Failure to account for between-hospital variation in the rates of patients with limitations on life-sustaining treatments may confound the evaluation of hospital mortality outcomes.” (Walkey, Weinberg, et. al, 2016).
d. Viewpoint 3
As noted by Aziz et al. (2015), DNR orders put the clause on the patients to get the proper care when they experience cardiac a
ests. There is no proper strategy, which can be applied by the healthcare professionals in case of cardiac a
est. There are different rates of therapies, which are provided to patients with DNR status. These therapies include antibiotics and vasopressors. These patients needed appropriated active care, surgical intervention and intensive care. “DNR orders only preclude resuscitative efforts and should not influence other therapeutic interventions that may be appropriate.” (Aziz et al. 2015).
III. Opposing Viewpoint
Topic Sentence
People have the rights to choose whether they want natural death or need medical assistance to revive their body and loan them some more
eaths. Do Not Resuscitate order empowered patients to choose natural death instead of medical assistance for revival. Do not resuscitate order must be discussed with the patients at the time of their admission in hospital. b. Viewpoint 1
As suggested by Pettersson, Hedstrom and Hoglund (2014), Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order is the dying wish of the patients. All the patients deserve to decide whether they want natural death or medical assistance. When patients with DNR status were given good nursing care, they get the improved health outcomes. When family members are well informed, patient with DNR status get good care. “Physicians have the most medical skills. But the nurse also emphasized the need for another type of skill to provide care to the patients” ( Petterson, Hedstrom and Hoglund, 2014).
c. Viewpoint 2
As noted by Albugami et al. (2017), when well-documented policies are implemented in healthcare patients with DNR status, patient get their dying wish fulfilled. Their choice of natural death is respected by the patients. Physicians played the crucial role in providing good health outcome to the DNR patients. They remain at peace in the last moment of their life. “The residents had misunderstanding regarding clinical care of the DNR patient and comfortable care.” (Albugami et al. 2017).
d. Viewpoint 3
As mentioned by Jackson (2015), DNR order rejects the patient’s life-sustaining interventions. This choice of the resuscitative procedures and when rejected by the patients, their benefits rejected the possible burdens associated with them. One of the peculiar features of DNR status is rejection of the DNR order at the time of some crucial surgeries such as
onchoscopy and gastrostomy. “These burdens may be related to either the resuscitation attempt itself (as with fractured ribs) or the decrement in functional or cognitive capacity that may occur despite a “successful” resuscitation.” (Jackson, 2015).
IV. Conclusion
Do not resuscitate is a dying wish of the patients who prefer natural deaths to life-sustaining condition. Fulfilling the dying wish of the patients is a duty that all healthcare professionals need to be fulfilled.
a. Transition
Although, DNR order is dying wish, yet most of the healthcare professionals failed to provide proper care to the patients with DNR order. Apart from this, it acts as loophole in saving healthcare from being held accountable for their mistakes.
. Restatement of Thesis
Do not resuscitate order fulfil the dying wish of the patient, which is basic human right of every individual, yet proper implementation can be helpful in achieving desired outcome.
References
Albugami, M., Bassil, H., Laudon, U., I
ahim, A., Elamin, A., & ElAlem, U XXXXXXXXXXMedical residents’ practices and perceptions toward donotresuscitate (DNR) order. J Palliat Care Med, 7(295), 2.
Aziz, H., Branco, B. C., Braun, J., Hughes, J. D., Goshima, K. R., Trinidad-Hernandez, M., ... & Mills Sr, J. L XXXXXXXXXXThe influence of do-not-resuscitate status on the outcomes of patients undergoing emergency vascular operations. Journal of vascular surgery, 61(6), XXXXXXXXXX.
Jackson, S XXXXXXXXXXPerioperative do-not-resuscitate orders. AMA journal of ethics, 17(3), XXXXXXXXXX.
Pettersson, M., Hedstrom, M., & Hoglund, A. T XXXXXXXXXXStriving for good nursing care: Nurses’ experiences of do not resuscitate orders within oncology and hematology care. Nursing ethics, 21(8), XXXXXXXXXX.
Saha, D., Moreno, C., Csete, M., Perez, E. K., Cubeddu, L., Farcy, D., ... & Goldszer, R. C XXXXXXXXXXOutcomes of patients who have do not resuscitate status prior to being admitted to an intensive care unit. Scientifica, 2016.
Walkey, A. J., Weinberg, J., Wiener, R. S., Cooke, C. R., & Lindenauer, P. K XXXXXXXXXXAssociation of do-not-resuscitate orders and hospital mortality rate among patients with pneumonia. JAMA internal medicine, 176(1), 97-104.
Running Head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF DO NOT RESUSCITATE (DNR) 1
Annotated Bibliography of Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) 2
Annotated Bibliography of Do Not Resuscitate (DNR)
Westania Durin
West Coast University
November 10, 2019
Albugami, M., Bassil, H., Laudon, U., I
ahim, A., Elamin, A., & ElAlem, U XXXXXXXXXXMedical residents’ practices and perceptions toward donotresuscitate (DNR) order. J Palliative Care Medicine, 7(295), 1-3
Summary
As supported by Albugami et al. (2017), DNR status is given to the patient as part of their dying wish. Patient with poor health outcome and frequent admission get the DNR order. It is necessary to implement well-documented policies in the healthcare setting so that proper care can be provided to the patient having DNR status.
Evaluation
The article selected for the study is a peer-reviewed article published in a reputed journal. It consists of in-text citations and long list of references from credible sources. The authors of the article had education background and experience in working in field related to the topic, which make them credible.
Relevance
This source provides the perception of the physicians taking care of patient with DNR order. It suggests proper steps, which need to be taken for better outcome for patient with DNR order.
Quote
“The residents had misunderstanding regarding clinical care of the DNR patient and comfortable care.” (Albugami et al., 2017, 2)
Pettersson, M., Hedstrom, M., & Hoglund, A. T XXXXXXXXXXStriving for good nursing care: Nurses’ experiences of do not resuscitate orders within oncology and hematology care. Nursing ethics, 21(8), XXXXXXXXXX.
Summary
As contradicted by Pettersson, Hedstrom and Hoglund (2014), patients wish with do not resuscitate order must be fulfilled as it is their last dying wish. It must be noted that good nursing care can be given to the patient with DNR status to improve their health outcomes. Nurses need clear and well-documented DNR order. Apart from this, family members and patient must also well informed and included in the decision.
Evaluation
The article selected for the study is a peer-reviewed article published in a reputed journal