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    Student Name:
    Amy Foste
    Student ID No.:
    23692008
    Unit Name:
    Applied Biomechanics
    Unit Code:
    BIO00324
    Tutor’s name:
    John Whitting
    Assignment No.:
    Task 2
    Assignment Title:
    Gait Data Analysis (‘Laboratory Manual Assessment’)
    Due date:
    Friday 2nd October, 9 pm
    Date submitted:
    Tuesday 15th September, 2020
Declaration:
I have read and understand the Rules Relating to Awards (Rule 3 Section 18 – Academic Misconduct Including Plagiarism) as contained in the SCU Policy Li
ary. I understand the penalties that apply for plagiarism and agree to be bound by these rules. The work I am submitting electronically is entirely my own work.
    Signed:
(please type your name)
    Amy Foste
    
    
Walking gait data analysis
Total 40 marks
Question 1 - Gait cycle & spatial, temporal & temporospatial descriptors.
Table 1: Frame #’s and Y coordinates for the gait cycle of the right leg in the example walking data set.
    Event
#
    Event description
    Frame #
    RHEE
Y co-ord.
[mm]
    # of frames to each event
    Gait cycle %
    1
    Foot (heel) strike 1
    187
    193.5
    0
    0
    2
    Foot flat (estimate)
    199
    NA
    12
    10.6
    3
    Opposite foot (toe) off (estimate)
    200
    NA
    13
    11.5
    4
    Foot (heel) off (est.)
    216
    NA
    29
    25.7
    5
    Opposite foot (heel) strike (estimate)
    246
    1092.8
    59
    52.2
    6
    Foot (toe) off
    257
    NA
    70
    61.9
    7
    Foot (heel) strike 2
    300
    1911.9
    113
    100
Question 1(a). How do these event and phase percentages compare to normal walking gait patterns? (2 marks)
A gait cycle is refe
ed to as a motions sequence or the interval of time that occurs between two consecutive initial contacts of the same foot. The events and their percentages are similar to the normal gait patterns. This is because they have approximately the same percentages with only a slight deviation. This makes the set similar to the normal walking gait set. A normal walking gait pattern has the values of the events given above as shown below:
    Event
#
    Event description
    Gait cycle %
    1
    Foot (heel) strike 1
    0
    2
    Foot flat (estimate)
    10.6
    3
    Opposite foot (toe) off (estimate)
    12
    4
    Foot (heel) off (est.)
    25.7
    5
    Opposite foot (heel) strike (estimate)
    50
    6
    Foot (toe) off
    62
    7
    Foot (heel) strike 2
    100
Question 1(b). Calculate the following gait parameters and show workings: (4 marks)
· stride length [cm],
· step length [cm],
· cadence [strides/min],
· Walking speed [m/min].
Stride length is the distance between successive points of initial contact of the same foot. Taking the first foot therefore;
· Stride length = 2* step length = 2* 70 = 140 cm
Step length is the distance between the point of initial contact of one foot and the point of initial contact of the opposite foot.
· Step length = 257 - 187 = 70 cm
Cadence is also refe
ed to as the walking rate.
· Cadence = 199-12 = 187 strides/min
Walking speed is the product of the cadence and step length
· Walking speed = 187 * (0.7) = 130.9 m/min
Question 2 - Sagittal joint kinematics.
a) Use vertical lines down the page & add labels to indicate stance & swing phases on these graphs. Also indicate mid-stance. NOTE: Ignore the numbers on the horizontal axis. These numbers are NOT percentages, but are simply frames. (4 marks).
Stance
Swing Phase
Stance
) Describe how the knee joint is rotating throughout the gait cycle. (4 marks)
In the open kinetic chain, during knee extension, tibia glides anteriorly on the femur. From 200 knee flexion to full extension, the tibia rotates externally. During knee flexion, tibia glides posteriorly on femur and from full knee extension to 200 flexion, tibia rotates internally.
c) How does the ankle joint rotation differ to the ‘normal’ gait pattern presented in your lecture podcasts? (2 marks)
The ankle allows the foot to move in six different ways. These include upwards, downwards, rocking back on heels with the balls of the feet elevated, raising the feet off the ground as you go up on the balls of the feet, and side to side movements. In a normal gait pattern, there is an extension of the knee so that the lower leg is swung forward with the foot flexed and raised upwards. This is a dorsal flexion or movement of the foot upwards just as in the ankle joint rotation. So this rotation is the one that is used in the normal gait pattern.
Question 3 – Ground reaction forces.
a) These are GRF traces normalized to body weight. Label them as vertical or anterior-posterior (A-P) GRF traces. NOTE: The scale of the vertical axes is ‘Body Weights’. (2 mark)
Body Weight
) Considering the ‘normal’ gait patterns presented in your lecture podcasts, comment on the magnitude of force in each peak in both graphs. Also comment on the trough in the second graph. (2 marks)
The magnitude of the forces in the peaks are indexes of fluidity and smoothness of the stride. Since...