Delivery Mode:
· Online via Zoom (Meeting ID: XXXXXXXXXX)
· However, the face-to-face mode will be scheduled, which can be adjusted according your schedule ant test schedule.
Textbook:
· Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach, J. L. Hennessy and D. A. Patterson, Morgan Kaufmann Publishing Co., Menlo Park, CA, ISBN XXXXXXXXXX.
· This textbook is strongly recommended but not required.
· Assignments, tests can be performed without this textbook as long a you attend all lectures and study with lecture notes (Word file) and class materials (PPT slides) distributed by instructor.
Class Topics:
Review number systems, digital codes, and digital logic gates and circuits
· Binary, Decimal, Hexadecimal, Negative Number Representations, Binary Computation (Booth Algorithm), BCD code, Gray code, Hamming code
· Qubit (Quantum Computer) IMB Q simulation
· Google (53 qubits), IBM, IonQ
· Traditional Compute
· Bit 0 or 1
· If we received data sequence 101110, then you will record the received data XXXXXXXXXXin your memory.
· After you record the received data, the data sequence is still same.
· Quantum Compute
· Qubit 0 and 1 at the same time Superposition
· If we received data sequence 101110, then you will record the received data XXXXXXXXXXin your memory.
· After you record the received data, the data sequence has been changed.
X XXXXXXXXXXY XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXY XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXY XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXY
XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX
Input 01 XXXXXXXXXXInput XXXXXXXXXXInput XXXXXXXXXXInput 01
Output XXXXXXXXXXOutput XXXXXXXXXXOutput XXXXXXXXXXOutput 00
· 2 qubits 22 = 4 different outputs
Computer Systems
Parallel Computing, Grid Computing, Super Computing
Performance of CPU and Main memory
CPUs (ARM, Motorola, Intel, AMD Ryzen)
GUPs (Nvidia, AMD Radeon)
AMD Since 2004, Lisa Su Ryzen CPU, Radeon GPU
Hardware Components (Blockchain Mining Equipment)
Blockchain Cryptocu
ency Mining: GPU FPGA ASIC
Mow your Lawn: Tool Box Design your own H/W board Standalone Lawn Mowe
Instruction Sets
General Purpose Computing Machine
Commercial CPUs (ARM, Motorola, Intel)
Memory Systems
Memory Hierarchy (Register, Cache, RAM, Storage)
Internetworking Systems with Pipeline
IP address, Router and Switch Setup with Packet tracer emulato
Evaluation Method:
Assignments (30 points) Written, Problem solving, Hand-on exercise
Two mid-term tests (40 points)
Final exam (20 points)
Class presentations (10 points)
Digital Logic Circuits and Gates
AND operation
Input
Output
A
B
F
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
OR operation
Input
Output
A
B
F
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
XOR operation
Input
Output
A
B
F
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
Number Systems
· Decimal 10 numbers (0 to 9), digit
· Binary 2 numbers (0 and 1), bit
· Hexadecimal 16 numbers (0 to 15, or 0 to F), Hexa-digit
Number conversion among these representations
nCr = n!/(n-r)!r!
3C2 = 3!/(3-2)!2! = 3X2X1/1X2X1 = 3 cases
· Decimal XXXXXXXXXXBinary
· Binary XXXXXXXXXXHexadecimal
· Decimal XXXXXXXXXXHexadecimal
Binary Decimal
_ XXXXXXXXXXIf we have 1-bit binary number, we can have 21 = 2 numbers (0 ~ 1)
0 0
1 1
_ _ XXXXXXXXXXIf we have 2-bit binary number, we can have 22 = 4 numbers (0 ~ 3)
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 2
1 1 3
_ _ _ XXXXXXXXXXIf we have 3-bit binary number, we can have 23 = 8 numbers (0 ~ 7)
XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXX
If we have 4-bit binary number, we can have 24 = 16 numbers (0 ~ 15)
If we have 8-bit binary number, we can have 28 = 256 numbers (0 ~ 255)
IP address (Binary number) 32-bit identifier to uniquely specify one computer systems in Internet
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
XXXXXXXXXXbit XXXXXXXXXX8-bit XXXXXXXXXX-bit XXXXXXXXXX8-bit
(0 ~ XXXXXXXXXX ~ XXXXXXXXXX ~ XXXXXXXXXX ~ 255)
XXXXXXXXXXCo
ect IP address (O)
XXXXXXXXXXNot IP address (X)
Minimum XXXXXXXXXX
Maximum XXXXXXXXXX
If we have 32-bit binary number, we can have 232 ≈ 4 billions
World population ≈ 8 billions We need more than 8 billion IP addresses in the IP pool to cover all network-ready devices.
Because we are in IoT (Internet of Things) era.
Solutions
1) Extend IP address space to 128-bit IPv XXXXXXXXXXaddresses)
XXXXXXXXXXIPv4 32 bits Binary representation
XXXXXXXXXXIPv6 128 bits Hexadecimal representation
2) NAT (Network Address Translation) Use IPv4 address with IPv6 address
XXXXXXXXXXHome Gateway
XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXinternal IPv4)
XXXXXXXXXX2303:6070:206:9b98:c4f9:67e8:f133:3ee3 (IPv6)
XXXXXXXXXX168.1.6
Binary to Decimal Conversion (Integer)
If the number of the slot is “0”,
_ _ _ _
XXXXXXXXXX
If the number of the slot is “1”,
_ _ _ _
XXXXXXXXXX
Example)
XXXXXXXXXX = XXXXXXXXXX = 4
XXXXXXXXXX = XXXXXXXXXX = 5
XXXXXXXXXX = XXXXXXXXXX = 6
XXXXXXXXXX = XXXXXXXXXX = 7
XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX21 + 20 = XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX = 255
XXXXXXXXXX + 0 = XXXXXXXXXX = 10
XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX = XXXXXXXXXX = 21
Binary to Decimal Conversion (Fraction)
111.111
Binary to Decimal Conversion (Integer)
If the binary number of the slot is 0, the co
esponding decimal is also 0.
If the binary number of the slot is 1, the co
esponding decimal is as follows.
_ _ _ _
XXXXXXXXXX
Example)
110 1X22 + 1X21 + 0X20 = XXXXXXXXXX