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Lawrence Kohlberg’s Moral Development
 Theory
In opinion of Lawrence Kohlberg, the movement from one stage to another depends on the development of their cognitive abilities rather than simple acquisitions of moral values. There are 3 levels to his theory.
 
The pre-moral level involves the first 2 stages, the first stages, obedience or punishment orientation, involves the child’s morality being controlled by the fear of punishment (Cuypers, 2020). In this stage the fear of being scolded is the driving factor behind following rules or regulations. The second stage, Self-Interest Orientation, includes the child’s morality based on self-interest and considerations of what other might do for him in return.  The conventional morality level involves stages 3 and 4. stage 3, social conformity orientation, depends on the child’s lookout for approval and being declared as a good boy or a good girl. Their focus shifts to maintain law and order.
 
The post conventional level includes stages 5 and 6. Stage 5, Social Contract Orientation, says that people in this age realizes that law and order is just a result of majority decisions and often tend on standing against them or even demanding a change that suits their purpose. In stage 6, Universal Ethics Orientation, people have some hard and fast ethics according to which they function and will not operate against it even if it disobeys the law of the country (Assor & Goodman, 2020).
 
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Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Theory
During the sensory motor stage, the infant interacts with the world through their movements and sensations. Children of ages between 0-2 years learn that things can exist even though they are not seen (Trude et at., 2021). They also think that are different entity from the people and object around them. In pre-operational stage, children of ages between 2-7 years starts thinking symbolically and learn to use phrases and pictorial representation of the objects. They also become be very egoistic and see things only from their perspective. Children of this age struggle to see things from the point of view of others. In concrete-operational stage, children of ages between 7-11 years, starts thinking logically about concrete circumstances (Widayanto et al., 2019). They start understanding the concept of exchange of words; for an example, the amount of liquid in a short, wide cup is equivalent to that in a tall and skinny cup.

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