Here is where you will submit your full report for Lab 4/Section 5: Circuit Diagrams Ammeter & Voltmeters Part 2. As I mentioned before, this is a combined lab report of Part 1 and Part 2. But I will...

Lab Section 4
Purpose
Lab 4A: For this lab, we conducted an experiment on Ohm’s law. In the first section, we calculated the resistance based on Ohm’s law. In the second section we found out the e
or between theoretical resistance value and the calculated one.
Lab 4B: For this lab, we came to know about the galvanometer and the ammeter. In the first part, we got a
ief introduction about the galvanometer. In the second part, we constructed the ammeter of a specific range.
Part 5A:
The purpose of this experiment is to find out the equivalent resistances when they are connected in series or in parallel. Through the experiment, we also get to know about building circuits in
eadboard. The main aim of the experiment is to solve electrical circuits.
LED:
The purpose of this LED experiment is to know about how its
ightness will change depending on the resistance.
Apparatus
Lab 4A:
1. Multimete
2. Aluminium foil
3. Resistor ( 3 different pieces)
4. Lemon
5. Battery
Lab 4B:
1. Multimete
2. Galvanomete
3. Voltage source
4. Shunt resisto
Part 5A:
6. Multimete
7. 3V Battery
8. Resistor (220, 100, 330 Ohm)
9. Wires
10. Breadboard
LED:
1. Power Supply (The one from your kit or the battery pack)
2. (1) x 5mm red LED
3. (1) x 220 ohm resisto
4. (1) x 1k ohm resisto
5. (1) x 10k ohm resisto
6. (2) x M-M wires (Male to Male jumper wires)
Theory
Lab 4A:
According to Ohm’s Law, cu
ent is directly proportional to Voltage. If we draw a graph between cu
ent and voltage through a resistor, we would get a straight line. The proportionality constant is the resistance.
V = I*R
Lab 4B:
An ammeter consists of galvanometer and a shunt resistor. Galvanometer is the cu
ent sensing part. Shunt resistor is used to increase the range of ammeter so that the cu
ent through the galvanometer remains constant.
The resistance is directly proportional to length and inversely proportional to the area of cross-section of wire. The constant of proportionality is the resistivity.
R = P*L/A
Part 5A:
According to Ohm’s Law, cu
ent is directly proportional to Voltage. If we draw a graph between cu
ent and voltage through a resistor, we would get a straight line. The proportionality constant is the resistance.
V = I*R
When we connect two resistances in series then equivalent resistance = R1+R2
When we connect the resistances in parallel then equivalent resistance =R1*R2/(R1+R2)
LED:
Brightness of led is directly proportional to the cu
ent flowing through it and cu
ent is inversely proportional to the resistance. So when the resistance will increase, it will decrease the cu
ent. When the cu
ent will decrease, it will ultimately reduce the
ightness of led as it depends directly on the cu
ent.
Part 5B:
An ammeter consists of galvanometer and a shunt resistor. Galvanometer is the cu
ent sensing part. Shunt resistor is used to increase the range of ammeter so that the cu
ent through the galvanometer remains constant.
A voltmeter consists of a galvanometer and a series resistor. Galvanometer is the cu
ent sensing part. Series resistor shall be such that it gives full deflection at full voltage.
Procedure
Lab 4A:
First measure the voltage of the battery source and note it.
After that, measure the resistance of the human body between the two hands by a multimeter. Then wet your body and again measure the resistance.
Now, take a aluminium foil and measure its resistance. Note down the value.
Select three resistors. Measure their resistances. Note each one of the values. At last, take a lemon and note...