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1.
In the year 2007-08, the world economy was hit hard by the mortgage crisis which started in the United States of America and soon spread all over the world and started a world recession. All the banks around the world were combining subprime mortgage bonds which had a high default risk. This led to a bankruptcy for a number of banks and withheld the personal savings made by the customers in the form of Fixed Deposits or Retirement funds in the banks. The customers lost millions of dollars in their savings which forced the governments around the world in the year 2008 to provide a stimulus package to the customers to be able to withdraw their saving from the bank. Also, the governments around the world changed many of the laws and made treasury bills and commercial papers as the primary source of lending in the country.
Due to the financial crisis, increasing risk levels and the increasing debt levels of the company, the operations of most of the companies became more risker which led to most of the government reforms which led to a stricter market regulation. This approach was made by the governments around the world as a forward-looking approach meant to control the flow of credit in the market so that any future adverse events could be handled more efficiently and without making the mess which was made during the financial crisis of the 2007-08. Along with the government reforms the banks around the world also improved their risk management process and the internal control process of the banks so that the risk levels of the bank remain within the defined levels and a future crisis like that of 2007-08 could be avoided.
While most of the people lost billions in the financial crash of 2007-08, many people also made their fortune from the financial crisis. One of the most used method was to buy the shares of the company which were fundamentally strong but the share prices of the company were going down due to the market sentiments in response to the financial crisis. Due to the crisis the interest rates in the market were increased due to the higher credit risk. Using debentures to fund the credit requirement of the companies which need funds to maintain their operations, we can gain higher interest income with the surety of return. Debentures are the instruments which are used by the investors most because they are secured against the assets of the company.
2.
The Financial Crisis of 2007-08 was not a one-off event. We can say that from the history of the financial crisis that have occu
ed over the period of time. Some of the major crisis that happened in the cu
ent century are as under:
(a). Stock Market crash in the year 1929: The crash led to the collapse of the share prices amid speculations that the shares were purchased used bo
owed money. This crisis led to the great depression which in tur led to the World War II.
(b). 1973 OPEC Oil Crisis: The OPEC countries started raising the price of the oil to counter the countries which supported Israel in the war. This led to a increase in the oil cost from $3 per ba
el to $12 per ba
el. This led to the increase in the prices of all the...