Health Variation

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Health Variation

Answered Same Day Mar 23, 2021

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Malvika answered on Mar 26 2021

146 Votes

Case Study
Structural and functional changes that led to Eleanor’s weight loss
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic disease which is characterized by the recu
ent and uncontrolled inflammation of the colon. The rectum also stays affected always due to the inflammation that spreads from the distal colonic segments to the proximal colonic segments. In normal cases, the terminal ileum is not involved but in some patients signs of backwash ileitis can be observed through endoscopy (Craft et al., 2015). Ulcerative colitis starts with the rectum and it generally extends proximally in the full or a part of the colon. In some patients, who have left sided colitis a caecal patch of inflammation can be observed.
The characteristic symptom of the disease is bloody dia
hea. The clinical course of the disease is unpredictable and is generally an alternate episode of exace
ation and remission which means that the patient may get acute problems and may feel better within no time. Ulcerative colitis can occur at two groups i.e. between 15-30 years and then between 50-70 years.
A variety of factors like genetic factors and environmental factors affect the risk of having ulcerative colitis. A person with family history of inflammatory bowel disease has more chances of having ulcerative colitis. Similarly, environmental factors like cigarette smoking and previous infection of GIT increases the risk of this disease.
A lot of structural and functional changes occur in the body of the patient who suffers from ulcerative colitis. The epithelial layer of the GIT which is covered by a mucosal layer is the first line of defense for the GIT (Ha
ord et al., 2017). This is so because it provides physical ba
ier and produces antimicrobial substances against the micro organisms. In patients with ulcerative colitis, the synthesis of these immune peptides is decreased.
There is damage to the epithelial ba
ier and this in turn causes increased permeability of the epithelial layer. When the GIT is intact, it maintains a balance between the normal commensal flora of GIT and prevents the pathogenic micro organisms to cause infection. When the physical ba
ier gets damaged in ulcerative colitis, the normal commensal flora leaks and can cause disease or inflammation. The ability of GIT immune response to identify antigens and produce immune cells also gets altered and the defense is lowered.
These changes cause the GIT to lose water...

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