Solution
Soumi answered on
Dec 10 2020
WHAT IS THE ROOT CAUSE OF CORRUPTION IN MALAYSIA?
(RESEARCH PROPOSAL)
Table of Contents
1. Introduction 4
1.1 Background of the Research 4
1.2 Backdrop of Malaysia 4
1.3 Research Rationale 5
1.3.1 What is the research issue? 5
1.3.2 Why is at an issue? 5
1.3.3 Why is at an issue now? 5
1.3.4 What could the research shed light upon? 5
1.4 Research Aim 6
1.5 Research Objective 6
1.6 Research Question 6
1.7 Significance of Proposed Research 6
1.8 Proposed Dissertation Structure 7
2. Literature Review 8
2.1 Concept of Co
uption in Society 8
2.2 Co
uption in Malaysia and comparing it with Other Countries 8
2.3 Factors leading to Co
uption in Malaysia 8
2.4 Theories Related to Co
uption 9
2.4.1 The Game Theory 9
2.4.2 The Rational Choice Theory 9
2.5 Theoretical Frameworks relating to Co
uption 9
2.5.1 Co
uption Control Framework 9
2.5.2 Cluster Plan Framework 10
2.6 Impact of Co
uption on Malaysia 10
2.7 Need to Challenge Co
uption 10
2.8 Ways to Fight Co
uption in Malaysia 10
2.9 Conceptual Framework 12
3. Methodology 13
3.1 Research Outline 13
3.2 Data Collection Methods 13
3.3 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria 14
3.4 Ethical Considerations and Research Limitations 14
4. Anticipated findings 14
5. Conclusion 15
References 16
Appendix 18
1. Introduction
Co
uption has been a part of the human civilisation from the development of modern and medieval societies. It is found that modern day co
uption has been responsible for the asymmetrical development of economies around the globe. The identification of the causes of co
uption therefore, holds the key to the development of prosperity and ethical symmetry in social order. In the cu
ent proposal, the topic is about finding the root cause of co
uption in Malaysia. The proposed proposal introduces the topic, discusses the literary knowledge required for assessing the various aspects related to the topic and offers insight into proper use of methods and a conclusion for summing up the details.
1.1 Background of the Research
As the topic of co
uption has deep links with human psychology, it has been discussed in depth by researchers all around the globe, as seen the works of Gumerov et al. (2015), Heywood (2015) and many more. The research has also been conducted in the context of the economic and political status of geographical regions. However, the lack of considering the fact that every country has their collective influence of culture, economics, politics within their political and sovereign boundaries has made the identification of root causes of co
uption hard to identify. Therefore, the identification of comparatively higher co
uption in a country such as Malaysia has not been done earlier, and the cu
ent research sheds light on the country specific issue, gaining its significance in the process.
1.2 Backdrop of Malaysia
Malaysia has a robust economy, which is based on business and agriculture in the country, however, the political atmosphere of the country has been a major reason for its high levels of co
uption. The country has recently faced the 1 Malaysia Development Berhad, which is expected to launder US$700 million to the private fund of the country’s Prime Minister Mr. Razak (New Mandala, 2015). However, the occu
ence of such a travesty is not new to the citizen, on an average succession of 10 years, the country is found facing sever co
uption scandals. The lack of transparency of the country’s political policies keeps the general populace of the country in ignorance about the whereabouts of the government. In addition, the well-known practice of
ibery among the masses have also amplified the co
uption index high, which in recent times have been the major undermining factor for
inging down the country’s GDP, thereby making the identification of the root cause of co
uption a valid topic to ponder upon.
1.3 Research Rationale
1.3.1 What is the research issue?
The issues mentioned in the proposed research is that despite the economic affluence and availability of significant resources, the country is not being able to progress properly as the co
uption is undermining its public and economic policies on one hand, and on the other is raising questions about the policies of the political parties. The connection with the economy, public welfare and politics of the country makes the topic a relevant for a proper assessment. It is seen that Malaysia is a co
uption-ridden country (The Star, 2018).
1.3.2 Why is at an issue?
The co
uption is Malaysia is an issue because, the high rate of co
uption in Malaysia is depleting the monetary resources allocated for the welfare and development of the citizens in the country and therefore, people of the country are suffering from underdevelopment, inflation and slow growth of economy in the global context (GAN Integrity Inc., 2018). The topic in the proposed research will help Malaysia to focus on the issue it has ignored for a long time.
1.3.3 Why is at an issue now?
Co
uption has been a consistent problem in Malaysia, however, in recent times the rate of co
uption has made the country’s economy underwhelming, which in the cu
ent context of globalisation has made the country sliding towards a backward and underdeveloped country. As seen in the Co
uption Perception Index 2016 and 2017, the country is found losing its rank by 7 places, from 55th in 2016 to 62nd in 2017, hinting at the immediate response to the issue (Transparency International, 2017 and The Star, 2018).
1.3.4 What could the research shed light upon?
The proposed research would
ing into the focus the root because that is triggering the sequence of actions leading to large-scale co
uption in the country. The identification of the root cause would lead to the solution to the problem and development of preventive measures. In addition, the research would also shed light on strategies that can discourage the practice of co
uption in the other countries as well.
1.4 Research Aim
The aim of the proposed research is to identify the root cause of co
uption in Malaysia. In this context, the factors leading to co
uption will be analysed along with finding suitable solutions to mitigate or reduce them in Malaysia.
1.5 Research Objective
The objectives of the proposed research are:
· To understand the concepts and theories related to co
uption in context of Malaysia
· To locate the root cause of co
uption in Malaysia
· To analysis the factors leading to co
uption in Malaysia
· To evaluate impact of co
uption and suggests ways to fight them in Malaysia
1.6 Research Question
The key research question is “What is the root cause of co
uption in Malaysia?”
Based on it, the sub-questions are—
· Why is Malaysia having high rate of co
uption?
· What are the issues occu
ing due to co
uption in Malaysia?
· Why and how should co
uption be challenged?
1.7 Significance of Proposed Research
With the help of the proposed research, the root cause of co
uption in Malaysia is will be identified and based on the identification of the cause, probable suggestions will be suggested that will help Malaysia to recover its co
uption rates significantly. In addition, the proposed research will also help in identifying factors leading to co
uption, which will help co
upted countries to formulate solution of their problems or at least identify the reasons.
1.8 Proposed Dissertation Structure
Figure 1: Proposed Dissertation Structure
(Source: Researcher)
2. Literature Review
2.1 Concept of Co
uption in Society
The resources needed for luxury is limited and people despite having the resources to live comfortably, strive towards attaining luxury, which gradually leads to the action that are unethical, unjustified and aimed at personal gains, namely co
uption. As stated by Bratu and Kazoka (2018), co
uption in society has been a distinct feature of human psychology and every human is susceptible to co
uption on various degrees. However, Smith (2018) argued that humans are not co
upt by nature, it is the availability of resources, the social ethics and the practices that are existent in the society that promotes...