Research Essay Due Date: Sunday of Week 13 (November 7th) in Turnitin XXXXXXXXXXpm) Weighting: 45% Word Length: 2000 words (10% leeway) Question: Critically, analyse the intersection between gender,...

Gendered hate crimes
Executive Summary
Hate crimes are crimes perpetrated because of a victim's membership in a group based on ethnicity, nationality, sexuality, race origin, or religion origin. The history of gender exclusion and inclusion in the hate crime area is examined in this article. The reasons behind genders awkward fit as a status category, as well as arguments for and against its inclusion, are discussed.
The problem of gender politics is discussed, which leads to the compartmentalization of many women's various category statuses. In recent decades, there has been a greater attention on hate crimes. The purpose of this study is to look at the scope of hate crime offences in Australia, as well as the reasons of police detainees.   The expansion of the violent crime classification to cover gender-related offences poses additional public policy problems.
Questions
1. The reasoning provided thus far supports the basic definition of hate crimes, both in terms of the purpose for targeting a certain group and the proof of a distinct and consequential injury. But to what extent may the category be
oadened?
2. What does it entail for other groups that could seek protection under hate crime legislation if the hate crime argument is accepted?
3. Is it possible and appropriate to include gender in the hate crime category?
4. Are women specifically targeted for these crimes because the acts are ‘motivated by prejudice, bigotry, or hate' against women, according to Mason's definition?
5. Is it true that violent acts committed against women do not qualify as hate crimes?
6. Could 'intimacy factor'
ing into question the inclusion of gender as a violent crime classification?
Table of Contents
Executive Summary    2
Questions    3
Introduction    6
Background of Hate crime    6
History    6
Impact    6
Motives    7
Gender and hate crime    7
LGBTQ+ hate crime    9
Implications    9
Public policies    9
Researches    9
Practices    10
Recommendations    10
Conclusion    11
Introduction
This paper is written focusing on gender hate crime considering Australian environment. In this paper, Hate crimes are discussed in view of their history, its impact on the genders and motives. Most importantly it will be discussed genders fitting into the hate crimes, including LGBTQ+. Later this paper will discuss about the implications of policies, researches and practices that are cu
ently into the system and all the possibilities in future. Lastly, this paper will be concluded recommending few strategies and policies that can be taken into account to avoid gender hate crimes.
Background of Hate crime
The phrase "hate crime" was coined in the United States in the 1980s by journalists and policymakers looking for a fresh word. Despite the fact that the phrase was coined some time ago, the field of hate crime still has a lot of conceptual issues. As a result of this problem, there are no original conceptual definitions for hate crimes. Hate crimes are criminal offences that are motivated completely or partially by the fact or impression that the victim is not the same as the perpetrator (Smith, 2020).
A key challenge in picking a term for this study was the absence of definitions provided by academics and researchers alike. Author commented that Hate crimes, as a category and as social phenomena, are dynamic and evolve constantly, rather than being static and permanent. A definition of hate crime that recognises the ways in which this specific type of violence supports the development of identities within the context of specific power dynamics provides a deeper understanding of hate crime.
History
The bulk of well-known hate crimes occur outside of Australia, with the United States hosting some of the most dramatic and well-publicized incidents. In Australia's history, there has been an element of intolerance, mostly between Anglo Australians and Indigenous Australians, as well as early non-Anglo European immigration. Homophobia and disability (mental and physical) prejudice can now be considered aggravating factors in punishment under the Criminal Justice Act of 2003 (Barker and Jurasz, 2020).
Impact
Many scholars claim that the impact of hate crimes is dual, in that it not only affects the individual victim but also negatively affects the targeted social group. Because such crimes are intended not only at the victim but at the entire group, they inspire imitation, retribution, and insecurity from those in the group to which the victim was thought to belong. Wiedlitzkl et al. (2018) contends that hate crimes have a multiplier effect, causing more violence through retribution from targeted social groups as well as impacting the individual victim.
All available information suggests that the incidence of hate crime and hate speech in Australia is on the rise. During the 1980s, this level of public racism was one of the final times it was visible. The vast majority of accessible evidence is not empirical, and most of it is disseminated to the general public via media channels instead of scholarly sources. The goal of this study is to look at the motives for hate crimes in Australia, as well as the rate at which they occur in a sample community. The police recording...