Choose one of the symptoms typically seen in chronic health conditions and address the following questions: •How is the symptom defined? •How is the symptom classified?•How do you assess this...

Running Head: WEEK 4 AND 5 TREATMENT REFLECTION    1
WEEK 4 AND 5 TREATMENT REFLECTION        11
WEEK 4 AND 5 TREATMENT REFLECTION
Table of Contents
WEEK 4    4
Sigmoidoscopy    4
Answer 1    4
Answer 2    4
Betty undergoes surgery    4
Answer 1    4
Answer 2    4
Answer 3    5
Post-operative care    5
Answer 1    5
Answer 2    5
Answer 3    5
Histopathology    6
Answer 1    6
Answer 2    6
Answer 3    6
WEEK 5    7
Oncology Treatment Begins for Betty    7
Answer 1    7
Answer 2    7
Answer 3    7
Answer 4    7
An Oncological Emergency    8
Answer 1    8
Answer 2    8
Answer 3    8
Answer 4    8
Answer 5    9
References    10
    
WEEK 4
Sigmoidoscopy
Answer 1
In order to prepare for colonoscopy, Betty needs to eat only liquid food such as clear
oths, black coffee, tea or juice or as PicoPrep as suggested by the doctor. Further, Betty needs to avoid any red liquid that may be confused with blood. Betty may not eat or drink anything after midnight the day before exam.
Answer 2
Colonoscopy can involve various adverse complications as well as side effects such as perforations in intestine, major bleeding issues form anus, serious abdominal pain, cardiovascular effects and much more. Further, reactions to sedatives can also occur along with bleeding from the tissue where sample was taken for biopsy.
Betty undergoes surgery
Answer 1
Preoperatively emphasis is required upon the cardiopulmonary status because surgery can cause stress. Further, a computer operated tomography of pelvis and abdomen is required. Along with this, chest radiography is required. Carcinoem
yonic antigen (CEA) level is also required preoperatively for colon cancer surgery.
Answer 2
Excessive bleeding may occur during the surgery and therefore, patient may require blood transfusion. There can be some internal injuries to bladder or su
ounding organs, for which additional surgeries may be required. Anastomosis or the site of attachment of healthy segments of intestine may leak and cause nausea, vomiting and stomach pain. Infection and colostomy are other potential side effects.
Answer 3
In order to prevent blood loss laparoscopic surgery can be done instead of open, which requires smaller cuts. In order to prevent internal organ injury, additional surgeries may be required. If the colon could not be reattached, colostomy bag will be required to be attached to stoma and this can be temporary or permanent.
Post-operative care
Answer 1
Anastomosis created during surgery may leak and therefore, this leakage could cause voiting and nausea. Further, patient-controlled anesthesia (PCA), postoperative analgesics and preoperative nasogastric tube in the recovery room may also be associated with PONV. Another drugs and antibiotics could also be...