BIOL260
BIOL260 Name_______________________________
Homework #6
20 points
Read the case study below and then answer the questions that follow.
On October 15, 2005, in southeastern Louisiana, a man aged 43 years and his wife aged 46 years had onset of dia
hea. The husband had a history of high blood pressure, alcoholism, diabetes,
ain tumor, and chronic renal failure that required dialysis three times a week. On October 16, 2005, he was hospitalized for fever, muscle pains, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and severe dia
hea and dehydration; subsequently he experienced complete loss of renal function and respiratory and cardiac failure. However, after treatment with ciprofloxacin and aggressive rehydration therapy, the man recovered to his previous state of health. His wife had mild dia
hea and was treated as an outpatient with ciprofloxacin and extra fluids.
Because the couple's residence had been severely damaged and flooded by Hu
icane Rita, both patients had waded in coastal flood waters in late September, 2--3 weeks before their illness onset. Five days before onset of illness, both had eaten locally caught crabs. On October 14, the day preceding illness onset, both had eaten shrimp purchased from a local fisherman. The shrimp were boiled for 5 minutes; however, at least some of the boiled shrimp were returned to a cooler containing raw shrimp and were eaten later.
1. Based on your evaluation of the patients’ symptoms, environmental exposure and food consumption, what bacterial organism(s) do you suspect to be the likely cause of their illness? Choose two possible organisms from the list of organisms discussed in the Food Microbiology lectures for your answer. (4 points)
2. Explain why you chose these organisms. Point to specific evidence why you chose these pathogen(s). (4 points)
3. As a microbiologist, how would you proceed to identify the bacterial organism? What tests could you do to begin to confirm the identity of organism you suspect is causing the illness? This is a good place to apply techniques you have learned from lab! (4 points)
Part 2: Microbial Genetics
1. After learning about mutations in bacteria in Chapter 8 you are interested in testing a population of E. coli to see if they have mutations in the ability to synthesize the amino acid histidine. Propose a plan to isolate E. coli His(-) cells from your culture of E. coli.(8 points)
BIOL260 Name: Sara Asmelash
Homework #7
20 points
A closer look at Animal Viruses
1. What is the name of the virus responsible for the seasonal flu? What virus family is it in? (1)
· The name of the virus is Influenza virus and the virus family is Orthomyxoviridae.
1B. The virus listed above in Question 1 has (circle all the apply)(1.5)
a. a genome of RNA
b. a genome composed of DNA
c. spikes
d. naked structure
e. envelope
f. all of the above
1C. You roommate becomes sick with the seasonal flu, how did they acquire this virus? (1)
· They acquire the virus from an infected person’s su
ounding through airway transmission.
1D. Define the term antigenic drift in in relation to this virus? (1)
· The influenza virus’s surface proteins, HA (hemagglutinin) and NA, can alter due to small changes (or mutations) in the genes of the virus known as drift (neuraminidase).
1E. When a pandemic occurs due to this virus, is this the result of an antigenic drift or antigenic shift? Explain. (2)
· Antigenic shift causes the influenza pandemic. The virus’s genome has suddenly changed as a result of genetic reassortment.
1F. Each year there is a new vaccine available for the flu. What strains of the virus are found in the cu
ent XXXXXXXXXXflu vaccine? Explain all the notations used to identify the strains. (2)
1G. The following are flu vaccines available for XXXXXXXXXX)
Flucelvax Quadrivalent
Flublok Quadrivalent
FluMist Quadrivalent
Which vaccine is best for an individual who is allergic to eggs?
· Flublok Quadrivalent is best to use for people who have allergy to eggs.
Which vaccine is best for someone over 65 years of age?
· FluMist is best from age 2 to 65 years old.
Which vaccine is best for a 1 year old?
· Flucelvax Quadrivalent is best for 1 year old.
2. Draw a representation of the coronavirus responsible for COVID-19. Be sure to include the shape, type of nucleic acid, and spikes. (1.5)
3. As of November 2022, what is the 7-day rate of new cases of COVID-19 statewide in Washington?
You can check out this website for more information.
https:
www.doh.wa.gov/Emergencies/COVID19/DataDashboard
3B(1) What is the cu
ent general trend in numbers of cases? Are they increasing, decreasing, or staying the same? (1)
3C. Compare the 7-day hospital occupancy data for the week of 1/18/-1/24/22 to first week of November XXXXXXXXXXIs there a difference in data for these two weeks? Explain why or why not. (2)
4. Tests to detect the virus are either a rapid antigen test or PCR based test. What is each of the tests detecting? (Be specific). (2)
5. How can a patient have a negative rapid antigen test but a positive PCR test? Explain. (2)