Assignment: Exercises : Discuss the pathophysiologic connection between asthma and allergies. Discuss pathophysiology of lung cancer, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic tests. What are the...

Running Head: ASSIGNMENT EXERCISES        1
ASSIGNMENT EXERCISES         8
ASSIGNMENT EXERCISES ON PULMONARY DISEASES
Table of Contents
Introduction    3
Pathophysiologic Relation between Allergies and Asthma    3
Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests of Lung Cancer    4
Pathophysiologic Alterations in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and its Difference from Asthma    5
Usage of Oxygen Therapy in COPD Patients, its Benefits and Probable Loopholes    5
Conclusion    6
References    7
Introduction
    Pulmonary health is an indispensable concern as its disorderly condition can lead to disrupted
eathing and death consequently. Therefore, it is important to understand their relation to their factors, changes or pathophysiology that cause them and eventually address them. This paper addresses some of them, their tests and therapies.
Pathophysiologic Relation between Allergies and Asthma
    Asthma and allergies exhibit similar clinical manifestations, which makes them relatable largely. As added by Muraro et al. (2016), they majorly differ only on their grounds of locations, where they take place, that are, upper respiratory system for allergies, whereas upper
onchial passage and lungs for asthma. Nevertheless, there does a prominent pathophysiologic connection between them because the reactions, which trigger allergies in a person, are also apparently the causes for the asthmatic attacks.
As argued by Nowak-Węgrzyn et al. (2017), when allergens such as pollen grains, molds and dust particles enter into the respiratory tract of a person allergic to them, they make the person’s immune system to react to them by releasing a type of antibody known as Immunoglobulin E (IgE) as a form of defense mechanism. Bodies of the allergic people consider these foreign objects, as incompatible with the body’s immune system, which is why, in the upper respiratory tract, IgE produces histamines and leukotrienes. These in turn, produce allergic reactions such as sneezing, congestion and itching.
However, as mentioned by Muraro et al. (2016), the pathophysiology of asthma, as well, indicates these similar inflammatory reactions, which are triggered by IgE on introduction of unfavorable
eathing conditions that thicken the
onchial tubes thus, na
owing the air passage through
onchioles, leading to asthma. The inflammatory reactions are usually excess mucus secretion, which block or na
ow the
onchial tubes, thus causing asthmatic attacks. Untreated allergic
eathing responses can also be a form of such attacks, thus, pathophysiologically relating asthma to allergies.
Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests of Lung Cance
    Carcinogens of cancer cause the genetic mutations of lungs leading onto the development of lung cancer. Smoking is the first step to the initiation of carcinogenesis towards lung cancer, which causes genetic mutations in the forms of p53 mutations or 3p deletion (Graus et al., 2016). These mutations, induced through...