ASSIGNMENT BRIEF Qualification Title Unit Number/Title Edexcel BTEC Levels 4 and 5 Higher Nationals in Health and Social Care Unit 16: Understanding Specific Needs in Health and Social Care Unit...

UNDERSTANDING THE SPECIAL NEEDS IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE
Introduction
One of the important areas where health and social care services work is dealing with the special needs of the people. There are people with disabilities whose needs are more than the need of person without any disability. Health and social care services are collaboration between the services, which are available and provided by the medical practitioners. These services are of variety of type. The services provided by healthcare services are the combination of behavioural, biological and psychological, which help people who need the same. Different person has different types of disabilities. Thus, the needs are dependent on the type of disability.
There are many challenges, which people with special needs faced while completing their daily routine. To help these people and facilitate their medical needs, government have policies in line. There are concessions in medical industry available for the disable person. Needs of people who are disable physically is entirely different from the people who are mentally disabled. Health and social care services try to provide the quality care to the people with special needs. They try to reform the life of these people from their services and make their fulfilment of daily activities very smoothly. There are many ba
iers in providing the quality health and social care services to the people with special needs. For example, people with cognitive disability unable to express their pain to their care providers.
Task 1
1.1 Analyse concepts of disability, illness and behaviour in relation to Health and social care service users
· Health
Health is a very
oad concept. According the world health organisation, health can be defined as a state of complete physical, social and mental well-being. Health determines for the well-being of the person. Nowadays, people are more conscious towards their health. Good health provides the high quality of life, on contrary, poor health lowers the quality of life.
· Illness
When a person suffers from any disease or has poor physical and mental health, then that condition is considered as illness. Any health issue, which restricts person to complete its task, is considered as disability. This kind of disability is either temporary or permanent. Illness can have impact on the mind and body of the person. As mentioned by Derman et al. (2016), illness due to situations such as psychological or substantial state. Depression, anxiety, and panic are psychological illness. On the contrary, use of drugs, alcohol and other substance drug, their dependency can lead to the illness. All these kinds of illness are shortly but they can cause extreme suffering.
· Behaviou
As suggested by Chastin et al. (2015), behaviour can be defined as the process, in which person can act or conduct itself to the situation. Behaviour can be negative or positive towards the situation. People can react towards the health and social care services. They can either positively accepted their disability or negatively try to harm themselves or undergo depression when met with the disability. Social and healthcare services use the strategies in changing the behaviour of person towards its condition and providing them high quality care. As suggested by Tremblay et al. (2017), behaviour of the person towards the health is responsible for the health outcomes. For example, people having the smoking addiction or food addiction have poor health outcomes in comparison to the people who worked hard to remain fit. Their behaviour of eating healthy and exercising led to the positive health outcomes
· Disability
People who are restricted to complete their daily routine on their own are considered as disable. As noted by Linden (2017), disability can be physical, mental, cognitive and learning disability. People who are disable from childhood have accepted their situation and positively working to handle the situation. On the other hand, people who faced disability in older age looked towards it negatively.
· Primary and Secondary standards of disability
Disabilities can be of two types-primary and secondary. Primary disabilities are those disabilities, which occur in new-born child when their mother is exposed to certain situations, which lead to permanent damage to the new born. It affects their cognitive abilities as
ain is damaged in these injuries. On contrary, secondary disabilities can be defined as the disabilities that individual do not get during birth. These disabilities are result of injuries or diseases.
· Medical Model
As mentioned by Mackelprang et al. (2016), medical model of disability connects the medical diagnosis with the condition of the life. The disability is viewed as a physical ba
ier faced by the individual person. It is an issue, which does not concern anyone, as it is an individual issue.
· Social Model
On contrary, social model of disability analyses the steps and considered them disabling ba
ier. This model states that society is responsible for making people disable as infrastructures and policies are made in focus with majority of people who are not disable. It has been suggested that the active role of the society can reduce the ba
iers from the life of disable person (Goering, 2015).
1.2 Assess how perceptions of specific needs have changed over time.
· Perception
Perception is the way issues or subjects are analysed, studies and interpreted. Every person has its own perception about many social issues. Society, at large, also has perception towards various social issues. Perception towards the disability has changed over the few years. Talking about the mental disability had been social stigma, people used to avoid the topic of disability. Disable people are looked with pity and considered disadvantaged people of the society. Over the period, na
ow mindedness of the society and culture is now changed. As mentioned by Devkota et al. (2017), myth about the disability has now been
oken. People with disability have set the miraculous example, which is a proof that disability is not bounding yet there are certain limitations. Although change has been observed, there is still persistence of inequality and discrimination towards the disabled people.
· 16th century
During the 16th century, people who are suffering from disability especially mental disabilities are considered evil person. They were considered as possessed from the evil spirit. Some of the studies conclude that disability was punishment from the God (LeWitt, 2017). Religious leaders try to perform exorcism on the people suffering from mental disabilities
· 19th century
In 19th century, people opposed the state aid of the disabled people. These people are rejected from the society. People believe that the preservation of the disabled person distu
the process of natural selection and hinder the process of survival of the fittest. Some of the communities banished or ill-treated disabled people. These people are completely rejected from some of the cultures. They were considered as economic liabilities and considered burden for the family (Haage et al. 2016).
· 21st century
As mentioned by Mazzotti and Rowe (2015), 21st century had witnessed the pattern of perception towards disabilities. Society started to accept the disable people and government aid was started for these people. People of the society developed tolerance towards these people and society started to behave better towards them.
· Perceptions to consider in the past and present
People with mental disability has added disadvantage in comparison to physical disability. As noted by Poppen et al. (2016), people with mental disability restricted them from getting access to housing, insurance, work and other basic services. Despite of all the development, disable people are unable to take complete advantage of social and healthcare services. Efforts are made by society and people to facilitate the living of disable people. Healthcare industry is trying harder to develop technology and medicines to treat people with disabilities. With the change in time, people have developed tolerance towards the disable people. From public transports to school and colleges, there are accommodations for the disabled people. In case of mentally disabled people, there are availability of care homes to take care of all the mentally disable people. As per the case study, Hannah was facilitated by ‘the disability trust and the prince trust’, which provides her empowerment to live her life with dignity despite her disabilities. Several NGOs and governmental organisations working in upliftment of the disable people, yet there is milestone to achieve.
· Recommendation and future improvement
There are many ba
iers, which prevent disable people to achieve the complete empowerment. Time has witnessed that the condition of disable people in 21st century is far better than earlier times where disable are unable to complete their basic needs, now some of them have success stories. There is more effort needed as all the people with special needs do not have access to the services available to them due to lack of awareness and financial crisis. Thus, health and social care services still needs to work hard in providing high quality care to all the people with special needs.
1.3 Analyse the impact of legislation, social policy, society and culture on the ways that services are made available for individuals with Specific needs
· legislation, policy and culture
Legislation, policies, and culture have important role in providing high quality treatment to the people with special needs. Legislation can be defined as the method of making laws or enacting the laws. Policies can be defined as the principle of actions, which are either accepted or proposed by institutions or organisations. These organisations can be governmental or healthcare in context of specific needs. Culture can be defined as ideas, customs and social behaviour of specific group of people in a society is called culture.
· legislation and social policies
There are many policies of the government and laws to help the people with specific needs. As noted by Castro and Palikara (2016), policies, acts and regulation has been passed very carefully to take care of children and adult with special needs in the society. Children and Families Act 2014, passed in England has changed the outlook of identification and assessment of children with special needs. Several acts such as mental capacity act 2005, care act 2014, equality act 20101 and data protection act 2018, are passed protect the rights of people with special needs. Society and culture have major influence on the life of the individual. When society or culture gives poor treatment to the people with special needs, then these people undergo depression and consider themselves burden. Cu
ently, society effortlessly works towards the upliftment of people with special need. The treatment given to the people are equal to any other completely abled person.
The acts are passed by the government with ideology to improve the condition of the people with special needs and to provide the better treatment along with security. The discrimination act directed to act against people who show discrimination towards disable people. Government affiliated health and social care services work in direction to follow the policies and procedure laid down by government to provide high-quality treatment of the people with special needs. There are free services available for people with special needs like availability of care providers and free medications.
· Positive and negative impact of specific law, policy and culture on society
Equality act 2010
In equality act of 2010, person is defined as disabled if they have physical or mental impairment or impairment, which has long-term adverse effect on the abilities of the people to ca
y out normal routine. The act states that a person if discriminate against the disabled person and treat them unfavourably will face the legal consequences. This act also makes provision regarding making of necessary adjustment for disabled people at work, education, public services and associated departments. This law empowered the disabled person to take the necessary action against people who discriminate against them. This helped them in getting equal opportunities in various areas. The disadvantage of the law is that since law pushes organisation to make necessary adjustment as per the disability of the person, it pushes organisation away from hiring disabled people as every organisation are directed to fulfil three duties so that reasonable adjustments are made.
UN Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities
UN convention on the rights of people with disabilities is an international legal agreement, which is signed by approximately 82 countries. It exists to protect and promote the legal rights of the disabled people. It covers the wide range of area to ensure legal rights of the disabled people are fulfilled in all the areas. These areas include health, education, employment, justice, security and independent living. The benefit of this policy is that it makes sure that disabled people get all the rights just like non-disabled people. The limitation of the policy is that there is lack of awareness about the policy among the people, which prevent them from taking advantage of the policy.
Culture to protect disabled people
Cultures of the world have changed their perception towards the disabled people. There is increase in tolerance towards them. Educational structures and other public structures along with public transportation are designed to accommodate disabled people. It has been seen that there is cultural transformation among people. A new culture has been arisen. This culture is called disability culture where group of people with different kind of disabilities relate with each other through behaviour, belief and art. As mentioned by Ward and Green (2019), society has become cautious towards the people with special need. They treat them with dignity and support them. In public area, people start considering that they need to be taken care of. Now people do not let disable person to suffer. This awakening has improved the lifestyle of the disable people. In context of culture, earlier culture believes disability as lower...