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Sohini answered on
Dec 17 2020
UNDERSTANDING THE CONTEXT OF MENTAL HEALTH CARE DELIVERY
Name of the Student:
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Table of Contents
Introduction 3
Rationale 3
History 4
Orem’s Theory 5
World Health Organization (WHO) Global Policy 6
Recovery 7
Discussion 8
Conclusion 9
References 11
Introduction
Mental health illnesses affect the people suffering from them from the cognitive, psychological and social aspects. It not only diminishes the intellectual ability of the person with mental health issue, but also encroaches of their state of well-being from them. Therefore, it is very important in the sector of health and social care that such individuals are understood thoroughly as well as their state of mind is evaluated intrinsically, so that care can be provided to them accordingly. However, in order to evaluate these attributes, the care professionals must identify and understand the key concepts that lay direct influence on their mental well-being.
Hence, with the help of this essay, I will identify, clarify and evaluate these conceptions, which will help to analyze their influence on the individuals with mental health issues. Based on these analyses, I will aim to identify the support strategies or mechanisms that would help them to live a better life despite their illnesses. Specifically, in order to achieve this aim, I will aim to assess the political, historical and present state of changes, using the bio-psychosocial model of health, that illustrate that these three types of changes distinctly rule the understanding of mental health.
Rationale
Mental health is a pressing issue of modern times especially, where the healthcare delivery pattern associated with provision of optimal care for the affected individuals have undergone monumental changes. In addition to physical health, the concept of mental health has emerged as a vital necessity in the society and people have started appreciating the urgency to know it appropriately. Nowadays, mental health is no longer neglected and contrarily, people have accepted the fact that issues pertaining to mental health also summon proper attention and necessary interventions in order to uproot the causal agent (Sampson and Galea 2018). Therefore, in the following discussion I would like to highlight upon certain pivotal ideas that influence people having mental health.
As mentioned by Falvo and Holland (2017), mental health issues are vexing for not only the patients suffering from them, but also for their family members, who might not be able to manage it properly. A lack of knowledge in this context, such as unawareness about the key concepts that affect the mental conditions of the sufferers, can only aggravate the pain of both the involved entities. Therefore, as suggested by Clement et al. (2015), there is an urgent need of being able to identify these aspects, and in accordance with these gained knowledge, evaluate their impact on the patient. Only then can the family members also support the persons in their miserable condition. As indicated, this understanding is important not solely for the care professionals, but also for the family members of the support seekers, who can also look after the latter, when they are seeking care in their homely environment, amongst their community members.
Efforts will also be streamlined to discuss in fair details regarding the support that are available to tackle these issues. In my attempt to ca
y out the discussion, I will strive to mention both the political as well as historical backdrop besides the recent changes that are prevalent and in turn affect the understanding of mental health. Moreover, adequate emphasis will be laid on arguing the relevance of bio-psychosocial model in the recent context. Thus, for the sake of pursuing the argument, I will ca
y out the comparison of this model with the medical and psychological models. In my endeavor, I shall try to incorporate pertinent literatures that are available both in the public as well as academic domains to strengthen my argument. Additionally, the recovery model will be refe
ed to further the argument.
History
The year 1977 may be considered as a landmark year in the realm of clinical care as this year witnessed the inception of the bio-psychosocial model. This model was proposed by George L. Engel for the purpose of understanding health and illness. It revolutionized the healthcare system profoundly as it incorporated the vital elements of biology, psychology and social factors for adjudging the clinical health of an individual. The amalgamation of these three factors into the model makes it unique and unconventional. Prior to inception of this model, all these factors were considered discretely. It was in this model that for the first time, all these factors were taken into consideration cumulatively (Ghaemi 2009). The advent of this model opened up new vistas to explore the unchartered te
itories of medicine as a science.
The bio-psychosocial model intended to showcase medicine both from the perspective concerning as philosophy of clinical care besides a practical clinical guide. Thus, it aimed to introspect into arenas where philosophically the understanding of suffering or illness may be linked to the effects exerted upon it by various levels of organization, beginning from the society up to the molecular level. From the practical point of view, it may be considered, as a mean of gaining an understanding with respect to the patient’s subjective experience. This understanding acts as a facilitator ensuring accurate health diagnosis, health outcomes as well as human care. Thus, with the introduction of Engel’s model, a stark revolution was witnessed in the sphere of medicine whereby the psychosocial components were integrated and incorporated. Acknowledgements were given for the psychosocial dimensions that included family, personal, emotion and community apart from the biological aspects that included the disease in case of the patient (Pilgrim 2002).
Thus, it marked the inception of a vital change that steered for patient centric approach in healthcare delivery. It can be said that the concept of holistic care was materialized only post the emergence of this historical change in the understanding or evaluation of the mental health diseases. As supported by Sallis, Owen and Fisher (2015), the idea of holistic care was to support the patients from the all aspects of their lives, including their physical, mental, emotional, psychological and spiritual well-being. Thus, with the evolution in the thoughts and empathy in the minds of the care service providers, gradually, the positive change could be
ought into the process of healthcare delivery. Cu
ently, when the care providers want to give person centered care, they mean to care for the patient or service user from all the aspects of their lives.
Not only that, but as argued by Wahlbeck (2015), they consider the service user so integral to their service provision that the latter becomes the center of their attention and their interests are only placed ahead of everything else. Thus, the overall integration of these multiple interacting components aided in making the model a more humanistic one rather than making it only a mechanical one. The needs of the patient are now considered as priority, simultaneously laying adequate emphasis on the resolution of the mental disease issues. This monumental shift in the perception of the healthcare delivery system was thus initiated through the introduction of the bio-psychosocial model where the knowledge of medicine was channelized to serve the best interests of the patient (Frankel, Quill and McDaniel 2003). This model, conceptualized by Engel in 1977 is still applied. It has not lost its relevance even after so many years of its inception.
Orem’s Theory
The applicability of the bio-psychosocial model may be understood in the light of other models that have been used over the years to understand the relevance and significance of the model in the present context. In this matter, mention may be made about other theories and models that are in practice and have been widely used to ensure provision of optimal healthcare service. The advent of health concepts in the past two decades have evolved with time and transformed the provision of healthcare in a striking manner. Traditional biomedical...