Solution
Anju Lata answered on
Dec 10 2020
Understanding the Context of Mental Healthcare Delivery 12
Assignment
Understanding the Context of Mental Healthcare Delivery
Student ID
University
Introduction
Mental Health Problem refers to inability to think, react and feel in the way that you want to do. The mental problems are commonly experienced by the people in form of confusion, frightening, depression, confusion, weakness, isolation, distress and a state of losing the mind. The cause and consequences of these problems can be depicted to be financial insecurity, debt, unemployment, housing problems and family
eakdown. There is an evident association between social problems, low income, and poor mental health.
The aim of this study is (a) to evaluate the effectiveness of different healthcare delivery models; (b) to identify the historical, political and cu
ent changes taking place in UK that influence the understanding of mental health.
Rationale
Assessing the effectiveness of different healthcare models provides a logical basis for identifying the most efficient way to support the mentally ill patients and to deliver effective treatment.
I will assert that the Bio-psychosocial Model can facilitate the delivery of care more profoundly. It includes how the psychological, biological and social factors and their combination influence the mental health. In order to assess the relevance of other related theories in this context, I will compare the Bio-psychosocial model with Psychological and Medical models. I will support the crucial points of the discussion with proper evidences from literature review and will use key concepts like recovery model to strengthen my argument.
Historical Background
Psychiatry evolved as a response to ‘madness’ and a medical discipline in 18th Century. Recognition of mental illness in form of medical concern was associated with
oad changes in Western Europe witnessing a change from protestant to secular values. It shifted the responsibility of delivering care for mentally ill people to the Psychiatry profession in 1840, which was earlier a duty of church in many western countries. The social attitudes towards the mentally ill people started being supported by medical understanding as mentioned in Hogarth’s A Rakes Progress. This painting art made in 18th century follows Rakewell who was imprisoned in Bethlam hospital as his mental health deteriorated (Dominic, 2014). The mentally ill person was subjected to unpredictability, loose morals, violence, abnormality and social deviance which ultimately led to debarment from mainstream society.
Prior to establishment of National Health Services, the mental healthcare services were delivered under the aegis of Lunacy Act 1890 (which had provision of certification, and guaranteed detention ) and Mental Treatment Act 1930 (which enabled the hospitalization and treatment of mentally ill patients without the need of certification). Subsequent developments of Acts and changes from 1959 to 2007 incorporated many improvements such as strengthening the civil rights of mentally distu
ed people, modernizing the healthcare services for mental health, community care, introduction of separate mental health trusts in form of NHS trusts, and development of national framework for youth, children, older adults and maternity care services (Turner et al, 2015).
Political Changes influencing the understanding of Mental Health
During the time period of 1997-2010, the labor government elevated the expenditure on mental care services in form of reforms for modernization of Mental Health care. In NHS Plan 2000, the mental health was included among topmost three priorities of the government after cancer and cardiac diseases. In 2006, the IAPT (Improving Access to Psychological Therapies) was established to lower down the financial burden of the government for mental illness (Turner et al, 2015). This program allowed the mentally ill people to refer themselves to required mental services without the intervention of General Practitioner. Ultimately in 2007 Mental Health Act was passed.
The mental health services used to detain its users in large asylums for longer periods of time and compulsorily provided treatment under the care of nurses and physicians. However in 2004, the asylum services declined. There were hospital based and community based services targeted to deliver close-to-home treatment facilities involving long term residential services and acute hospital care. These services were able to provide care customized for the requirements of every individual separately. These services were in accord to the global standards for human rights, and were based on the coordination between mental health agencies and the professionals (Turner e al, 2015).
A research by Reynolds (2017) found that though the system is increasingly focusing on mental healthcare, still there are consistently long waiting lists, inadequate crisis care, and worsening quality of mental health services. The system is failing in supporting the people in need of mental health assistance.
I feel that the political instability in UK in form of Amendment of Article 50 (which rejected the right of residency for the EU immigrants) largely contributed to anxiety, panic attacks and frustration among the EU Immigrants in UK (Reynolds, 2017).
However, there are several mental health legislations like ‘The Mental Health Act 1983’ amended in 2007, and ‘Mental Capacity Act 2005’ which allow the admission, detainment and treatment of Mentally Ill Patients without their permission to encourage their protection. In 2014, under the Mental Health Act, nearly 23,531 mental patients were detained in hospitals and community care services in England.
Mental Capacity Act is used to safeguard the rights of the people who are mentally ill and lack the mental capacity to take decisions in their lives. According to 2015 statistics, Care Quality Commission estimated 2 million people in Wales and England which are deficient in mental capacity.
Present Approach
The Programme ‘Improving access to psychological therapies’ began in 2008 to improve the accessibility and quality of mental health services. The emphasis is given to Cognitive behavioral therapies, self help support and counseling. NHS and NICE Guidelines release data every year to improve the delivery of mental health care for the children and young individuals. IAPT Programme uses Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as most effective which contributed to 38% appointments in the mental health care in 2014. As per the recommendations of NICE (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence), the IAPT...