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ASSESSMENT BRIEF Subject Code and Title STAT6000: Statistics for Public Health Assessment Assessment 2: Assignment–Identifying and Interpreting Statistics in Research Articles Individual/Group...

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ASSESSMENT BRIEF

Subject Code and Title

STAT6000: Statistics for Public Health

Assessment

Assessment 2: Assignment–Identifying and Interpreting Statistics in Research Articles

Individual/Group

Individual

Length

2000

Learning Outcomes

This assessment addresses the following learning outcomes:

1. Understand key concepts in statistics and the way in which both descriptive and inferential statistics are used to measure, describe and predict health and illness and the effects of interventions.

  1. Apply key terms and concepts of statistics, including; sampling, hypothesis testing, validity and reliability, statistical significance and effect size.

  2. Interpret the results of commonly used statistical tests presented in published literature.

Submission

Due Sunday following the end of Module 4 at 11:55pm AEST/AEDT*

Weighting

30%

Total Marks

100 marks

*Please Note: This time isSydneytime (AEST or AEDT). Please convert to your own time zone (eg. Adelaide = 11:25pm).

STAT6000_Assessment Brief 2 Page1of3

Instructions:

This assessment requires you to read two articles and answer a series of questions in no more than 2000 words.

Most public health and wider health science journals report some form of statistics. The ability to understand and extract meaning from journal articles, and the ability to critically evaluate the statistics reported in research papers are fundamental skills in public health.

Paper 1:Lam, T., Liang, W., Chikritzhs, T., & Allsop, S XXXXXXXXXXAlcohol and other drug use at school leavers' celebrations.Journal of Public Health, 36(3), XXXXXXXXXXRetrieved from:http://jpubhealth.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2013/08/26/pubmed.fdt087.full.pdf+html

Read the Lam et. al XXXXXXXXXXresearch article and answer the following questions:

  1. This paper presents two hypotheses. State the null and alternative hypothesis for each one, and describe the independent and dependent variables for each hypothesis.

  2. What kind of sampling method did they use, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of recruiting participants in this way?

  3. What are the demographic characteristics of the people in the sample? Explain by referring to the descriptive statistics reported in the paper.

  4. What inferential statistics were used to analyse data in this study, and why?

  5. What is the odds ratio for engaging in unprotected sex (

  6. How representative do you think the sample is of the national population of schoolies? Explain why.

Paper 2:Wong, M. C., S., Leung, M. C., M., Tsang, C. S., H., . . . Griffiths, S. M XXXXXXXXXXThe rising tide of diabetes mellitus in a Chinese population: A population-based household survey on 121,895 persons. International Journal of Public Health, 58(2), XXXXXXXXXXRetrieved from:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.laureate.net.au/10.1007/s XXXXXXXXXXy

Read the Wong et. al XXXXXXXXXXpaper and answer the following questions:

  1. Describe the aims of the study. Can either aim be restated in terms of null and alternative hypotheses? Describe these where possible.

  2. What are the demographic characteristics of the people in the sample? Explain by referring to the descriptive statistics reported in the paper.

  3. What inferential statistics were used to analyse data in this paper, and why?

  4. What did the researchers find when they adjusted the prevalence rates of diabetes for age and

    sex?

  5. Interpret the odds ratios for self-reported diabetes diagnosis to explain who is at the greatest

    risk of diabetes.

  6. What impact do the limitations described by the researchers have on the extent to which the

    results can be trusted, and why?

in safety strategies with the greatest frequency)? Interpret this by explaining what the odds

ratio is telling us, including any variables that were controlled for in the model.

STAT6000_Assessment Brief 2 Page2of3

compared with those who engaged

Resources for Assessment 2

•Lam, T., Liang, W., Chikritzhs, T., & Allsop, S XXXXXXXXXXAlcohol and other drug use at school leavers' celebrations. Journal of Public Health, 36(3), XXXXXXXXXXdoi: XXXXXXXXXX/pubmed/fdt087. Retrieved from:http://jpubhealth.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2013/08/26/pubmed.fdt087.full.pdf+html

•On Biostatistics and Clinical Trials XXXXXXXXXXRetrieved from:

http://onbiostatistics.blogspot.com.au/2012/02/how-to-interpret-odds-ratios-that-are.html

•Wong, M. C., S., Leung, M. C., M., Tsang, C. S., H., . . . Griffiths, S. M XXXXXXXXXXThe rising tide of diabetes mellitus in a chinese population: A population-based household survey on 121,895 persons. International Journal of Public Health, 58(2), XXXXXXXXXXhttp://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.laureate.net.au/10.1007/s XXXXXXXXXXy

Assessment Criteria

Knowledge of sampling methods, and research and statistical concepts 20%

Interpretation of research concepts, statistical concepts and reported results, demonstrating applied knowledge and understanding 40 %

Critical analysis of research elements including sampling, results and limitations 30%

Academic writing (clarity of expression, correct grammar and punctuation, correct word use) and accurate use of APA referencing style 10%

STAT6000_Assessment Brief 2 Page3of3

assessment-brief-aj5fksyv.docx
Answered Same Day Apr 19, 2021 STAT6000

Solution

Madhuri answered on Apr 21 2021
129 Votes
Lam T et al conducted a study among the Australian population to compare the levels of adolescent alcohol and other drugs (AOD) use at the end of school cele
ation and its use at other peer-based social events. Apart from the above, they also related the harms experienced at the cele
ations based upon the AOD levels and their engagement in harm-minimization strategies. The present document critically analyses the paper by Lam T et al.
The present study illustrated two hypotheses. According to the research methodology, a null hypothesis (H0) states no statistical significance between the two variables. Similarly, an alternative hypothesis H1 indicates a statistically significant difference between the two variables. In the present study, the null hypothesis can be revealed as showing no statistical difference between the levels of AOD usage at an end of school cele
ation and at other peer-based social events. The Dependent variable is defined as a variable whose value depends upon another. While comparing two groups, the groups are the independent variable. However, when you are testing whether a particular thing affects something else, the cause becomes the independent variable. In this scenario, independent variables are school cele
ations and peer -based social events. Dependent variables include alcohol use and other drug use.
On the other hand, the alternative hypothesis can be reported as showing significant statistical difference between the levels of AOD usage at an end of school and during other peer- based events. This might show an increased/decreased significant difference of AOD usage at the school level as compared to other events. In this scenario, independent variables include gender, school cele
ations and peer-based social events whereas the dependent variables include alcohol use and other drug use.
Furthermore, based on the aim of the study, the null hypothesis can be demonstrated by showing no statistical difference among adolescents experiencing harm at the cele
ations and the engagement in harm minimization strategies. In this scenario, dependent variables included school cele
ations and peer events and gender is the independent variable.
Accordingly, in alternative hypotheses, statistically significant difference can be seen among adolescents experiencing harm at the cele
ations based upon the AOD levels and their engagement in minimization strategies. In this scenario, alcohol use, other drug use, gender and accommodation location and prevention minimization strategies are the independent variables.
Sampling is stated as the process of selecting a sample of adequate size and the appropriate characteristics. In this study, the authors used a convenience sampling. It is also known as the opportunistic or the accidental type of sampling. It is a non-probability sampling method that relies on data collection from respondents who are conveniently available to participate in the study.
Advantages of convenience sampling include the following:
· Simplicity of sampling (It is simple and easy to ca
y out during the research activities)
· Helpful for pilot studies
· Useful in hypothesis generation
· shorter duration of time for the data collection
· Cheapest when compared to other alternative sampling methods.
Disadvantages of simple random sampling include the following:
· Leads to selection bias
· Sampling e
o
· No generalized results can be obtained
Demographic details of the study include the information about the age of the respondents, gender, ethnicity, income, education, location and marital status. In this study, the demographic details included were the age of the respondents’ -17-18 years who intended to attend (541) and who actually attended the cele
ation (405). Secondly, the location (geographical data) for the data collection (Rottnest Island). Thirdly, the education level (school leavers) and gender (males and female respondents) [56%...
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