Social Cognitive Theory and Screen Time Research Project The idea of the social cognitive theory (SCT) was discovered by Albert Bandura. The theory was originally named the social learning theory. The...

Social Cognitive Theory and Screen Time Research Project 
The idea of the social cognitive theory (SCT) was discovered by Albert Bandura. The theory was originally named the social learning theory. The social cognitive theory (SCT) focuses on how personal factors and environmental factors influence an individual's behavior (Sharma et al., 2014, p. 248). According to week five lecture slides the SCT consists of nine constructs. Those constructs are knowledge, outcome expectations, out expectancies, situational perception, and environment, and self- efficacy, self- efficacy in overcoming impediments, self control, and emotional coping.
Knowledge focuses on learning about all the facts and information related to your interest. Knowledge helps in gathering the idea and perception about the stances and the situation that could affect a person. Outcomes expectations focus on what the individual expects to come from a behavior or situation. Outcome expectations are also seen as an important factor in deciding to change the behavior that outlines the motivation phase. Outcome expectancies focus on the value an individual received from an outcome. Situational perception focuses on how the individual views the environment. Environment focuses on what an individual is exposed to physically and mentally. Self-efficacy focuses on the individual believing he or she can do something. Self- efficacy in overcoming impediments focuses on believing you can overcome an obstacle. Self control focuses on the individual having the ability to control them. Emotional coping focuses eventually on the stress management and helps in reducing the negative emotional responses linked to the stress. 
If I had to create a research project to reduce screen time among American youth the five constructs of the SCT I would use are knowledge, self-efficacy, self control, emotional coping and situational perception. All these combined will contribute in achieving the research objective.
PEN-3 Intervention
    The PEN-3 model was introduced by Collins O. Airhihenbuwa in 1989 (Sharma et al., 2014, p. 221). The PEN-3 model was designed to make sure that culture was included in health promotion. Unfortunately when it comes to health promotion a lot of people can be left out if you do not take into consideration everyone comes from a different background. In order to prevent this from happening the PEN-3 model had three constructs: cultural identity, relationship and expectations, and cultural empowerment (Sharma et al., 2014, p. 221). Cultural identity focused on how the people in an individual's life can influence health behavior and this is done by evaluating PEN. P stands for person. E stands for extended family and N stands for neighborhood. The cultural identity is used to access where to intervene it helps in accessing the people attached or linked with the target population. Relationships and expectations focus on what influences an individual's health behavior based on evaluating PEN. P stands perceptions. E stands for enablers, and N stands for nurtures.
The construct of the PEN-3 model is cultural empowerment. Cultural empowerment focuses on how health behavior impacts the individual's life by using PEN. P stands for Positive. E stands for existential and N stands for negative. Through the cultural empowerment it is noted that what are the basic beliefs and rituals that is eventually promoting or preventing the healthy choices. It also helps in boosting the affected population to remove the negative people or environment that are unwilling g to change or affecting the physical as well as the mental health’s of the people. The PEN 3 model for mostly helps in designing the health intervention and prevention programs, which are preferable used in educating the communities. The model considers educating the Hispanic males and females between the ages of 15 to 32.
Diffusion of Innovation with Childhood Vaccination Intervention 
    Diffusion of Innovation was developed by Eve
et Rogers in 1962 (Sharma et al., 2014, p. 254). Diffusion of Innovation focuses on marketing a new health behavior to each group based on what adoption group they fall in. It helps in seeking that at what rate new ideas and technology are spread. The adoption group is determined based on how quality they will adopt an innovation. The diffusion of innovation theory has four main elements including the innovation itself, communication channel, time and a social system. As per the diffusion of innovation system the innovation must be widely adopted in order to self-sustain. The diffusion of innovation in terms of the childhood vaccination intervention adjourns to the fact how the immunization in the children is depicted with the changing...