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Somprikta answered on
Apr 12 2021
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Title: Portfolio on Different Types of Government
Contents
Introduction 3
Discussion 3
Right Wing Populism/ Third Way Politics 3
Decline of British Parliament 4
French Democracy 5
Green Party of Germany 6
Nature of Post-Communist States 6
Neoliberalism in Developed and Developing Countries 7
Anti-Globalisation 8
Neofascism 9
Weaknesses of Chinese Government 9
Politics of Middle East 10
Conclusion 10
Works Cited 12
Introduction
Comparative Politics is one of the most crucial aspects of the study of political science. It is important to compare the different types of governments in order to identify inherent problems of various countries and analyse the problems and seek solutions. The study of comparative politics is also highly instrumental in gathering information related to the economic conditions of different countries, their mode of operation, their way of dealing with issues such as crime and co
uption, poverty, population growth, high birth rate and so on. The comparative study also help in the understanding of the reason behind why a particular kind of government is effective in one country while failing in another. One of the most important outcomes of the comparative study of politics is that helps
oaden the understanding of different political systems and incorporate ideas into the home nation.
Discussion
Right Wing Populism/ Third Way Politics
Right Wing Populism or Third Way Politics was a term formulated by Anthony Giddens in the 1990s. The aim of this style of politics was to create “one nation politics” where there is “no authority without democracy”. This particular style of framing democracy intended to focus on submission of all the laws to the “consensus of the centre” (Giddens). Although the theory claimed that this method of framing democracy was a way of overcoming the traditional oppositional politics, in actuality, the theory based its onus on moralization of politics (ALJAZEERA). As third way politics gradually em
aced neo-liberalism, debates were reduced to a mere discussion of political co
ectness and obstructed as well as delegitimized different political stances as commonly seen in democratic government. While anti-globalisation, anti-immigration, xenophobia, tendency towards authoritarianism, aggressive leadership are common to all countries em
acing right wing populism, the degrees differ from one country to another (QUARTZ).
There has been a huge rise in acts of xenophobia all across Europe, particularly observed in the reactions against immigrants and asylum seekers. Their vocabulary based on stark generalisations, dividing people into friends and enemies, their emotional appeals and exaggerations giving rise to the politics of fear and anger lead to the increasing numbers of hate crimes observed across the globe. For instance, Trump’s anti-immigrant agenda has led to separation of families, detaining of children, enforcing power to prevent asylum seekers from moving to the southern border, even suggesting the act of shooting in order to stop migrants from a
iving (QUARTZ).
Decline of British Parliament
The structure of England’s and in extension Britain’s democracy rests on the authoritative model of parliament, where power resides. Although monarchy and the House of Lords survived, most of the powers were vested in the Parliament. However, in the recent times it can be said that democracy in England and Britain is in dire crisis. There are three core principles that are associated with parliamentary democracy. One of the primary and most important roles of the Parliament is to orchestrate the diverse voices into a proper and constructive dialogue. Democracy is supposed to be a dialogue of competing voices. It is due to this reason, that the Parliament does not entrust complete responsibility and power of the government on an individual. Another important aspect of parliamentary democracy is that dissent is not legitimized but also institutionalized. In simple terms, dissent is considered to be service to the ruling government as it provides scope for improvement. The minorities, although outvoted, are never silenced. They are even considered a significant part of the democracy. Parliament cannot control the successors. It has the power to change the mindset, process of argument and so on, but can never terminate the effort to convert from minority to majority.
However, cu
ently all the core principles are being challenged by the Parliament. Intolerance is being encouraged in case of dissent, thereby leading to the development of an authoritarian government. The Parliament is discouraging the negotiation associated with the will of the people. The government has also failed to achieve the formation of dialogue between the opposing parties. According to Hayton, certain changes such as reducing the workload of the Parliament, replacing the Fixed-Term Parliaments Act and developing a new voting system are required to be achieved.
French Democracy
As it is generally known, the regime of France is termed ‘semi-presidential’. In this kind of political structure, there is a cohabitation between a powerful President along with its government, which is led by the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister is in turn accountable to the Parliament. The French President is known to hold a massive amount of power, thereby making him accountable to only the citizens. This notion of presidential will is highly flawed as it has been observed during pension reform. As a result of lack of negotiation with the oppositional parties, power has been polarized in France. The opposition’s refusal to debate is one of the most...