A. Understand the concept of environmental factors influencing health, and the relevance to public health from the global to the local levels.B. Describe key agencies, institutional structures,...

Running Head: Environmental Risk Assessment             1
Environmental Risk Assessment                             9
    
Environmental Risk Assessment
Introduction
The problem of solid waste management has been an increasing problem in the country, namely Australia. The more the population shows, the higher rates of disposal of solid wastes and accumulation have occu
ed over the last decade. As the waste produced per person increases, the increases for waste have gone up to 64 million tons per year. The official website of the NSW Environment and Heritage states that the solid waste accumulation in Australia occurs from majorly four sources. These include the Household or municipal wastes; the industrial waste and the commercial waste and demolition and construction waste. The increasing in the accumulation has led to several adverse impacts on the communities and the local health. In this assessment, our primary aim is to identify the existing problem of solid waste disposal in Australia according to the guidelines put forward by the world Health organization and to address the gaps in the framework regarding this issue.
The DPSEEA Framework
In order to combat the existing environmental crises in the country, this model known as the DPSEEA framework was developed in Australia on behalf of the World Health Organisation (Boylan et al., 2018).  It modified the existing DPSIR framework by primarily by identifying the links from state of the su
oundings from end to end exposure to wellbeing and health. The responses thus generated were re-labeled as actions (Stedile, Schneider, Nunes, & Kappes, 2018). It also extended the concept of driving forces backwards to represent the role of more remote, contextual factors such as social and economic development.
The DPSEEA framework thus see health impact that originate via these driving forces termed as D, which direct to pressures on the su
oundings (P) in the shape of consumption, waste generation, production, etc, and their subsequent release into the environment.  These add to change in the condition of the su
oundings (S) - for instance as environmental contamination or amplified threats of natural disasters.  Exposures (E1) occur when human beings get in touch with these hazardous items or objects, leading to possible health effect (E2).  Policy and other events (A) are taken to control adverse health effects (Solanki, Ahamed, Gupta, & Nongkynrih, 2016).
How is the solid waste management issue cu
ently being managed?
Australia cu
ently produces over 2.7 million tons waste per family in 365 days (National Waste Report, 2019). The number is alarming based on the average amount of people that stay in Australia. The world health Organisation has labeled Australia as one of the biggest producers of solid waste in the world. An average Australian throws away about 1.7 billion tons of food every year and over 6.8 billion tons of plastic bags that have been thrown into the ocean (National Waste Report, 2019). Although Australia is combating the use of plastic products, the increasing amount of waste that continues to go into the landfills has indeed created a cause of concern among the citizens.
    In spite of increasing rules and regulations about waste management in Australia, the southwest regions have managed to generate more waste than before. Australia has put forward a lot of new disposal facilities spending more than 3.9 billion is waste management every year (Department of Environment and Energy, 2019). The commonwealth has several bodies that govern the management. A major problem is that the Australian government allows state...