1. There have been a number of different key models of health that have influenced health promotion....

Question

1. There have been a number of different key models of health that have influenced health promotion. Describe the two (2) major health service models identified below (in 40-50 words each).

1.1

Social model of health:

1.2

Biomedical model of health:

2. The National Safety and Quality Health Service (NSQHS) Standards are being applied across a wide variety of health care services in all States/Territories in Australia. Describe the application of these standards (in 50-60 words).

3. Australia's health-care system is a multi-faceted web of various providers, settings, participants and supporting mechanisms. Explain the overall structure of health care system in your State/Territory (in 80-90 words).

4. Nursing in Australia has evolved in training and regulation since the 19th century. Briefly describe how the nursing profession has evolved over time outlining major historical events (in XXXXXXXXXXwords).

5. Nursing today is much different from nursing practices years ago. Describe the current perspectives of the nursing profession including the opportunities for career development in Australia (in 50-60 words).

6. Explain the philosophical framework underpinning primary health care (in 50-60 words).

7. Models of care describe how best to provide care across the many healthcare areas. Briefly describe the following 2 (two) models of health (in 40-50 words each).

7.1

The holistic health model:

7.2

The health-illness continuum:

8. Briefly explain the role of the following nursing regulatory authorities, industrial and professional bodies (in 30-40 words each).

a) Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia
b) Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation
c) Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency
d) Australian Nursing and Midwifery Accreditation Council

9. It is vital to understand the population health issues related to those from a culturally and linguistically diverse background. Describe 3 (three) possible health and illness issues faced by people migrated to Australia (in 40-50 words).

10. Health insurances are provided by public and private agencies and organisations in Australia. Describe the role of the following organisations in relation to health insurance and financial support (in 30-40 words each).

10.1

Private Healthcare Australia (PHA)

10.2

Centrelink

11. Research and explain the following two (2) health issues prevailing among the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia (in 30-40 words each). Hint: What is known about heart health in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population?

11.1

Cardiac health issues:

11.2

Diabetes:

12. Provide 3 (three) examples of healthcare environments an enrolled nurse could practise in Australia.

13. The interdisciplinary health care team includes a diverse group of members (e.g., physicians, psychologists, social workers, and occupational and physical therapists), depending on the needs of the patient. Briefly outline the roles of the following personnel in the health service delivery for a client undergoing rehabilitation (in 30-40 words each).

13.1

Physiotherapist:

13.2

Dietician:

14. Health is multi-factorial and is influenced by a number of things including our age, family history of illness, employment, education and living conditions. Briefly outline how the following themes impact the health and illness of people from Australia and other countries (in 30-40 words each).

14.1

Environment:

14.2

Cultural barriers:

14.3

Community acceptance:

15. Provide an example of a political impact on healthcare delivery which might result in a constraint on services.

16. A range of diseases and conditions contribute to the burden of illness and injury in the Australian community. Briefly outline the 9 (nine) current issues impacting on clinical practice and health policy development with reference to the National Health Priority Areas (NHPAs).

17. James is planning to go to South Africa for leisure. He is planning to visit smaller cities and he is an adventurous eater. Which agency could he approach to get a vaccination against Typhoid and perform a cardio vascular health check? Discuss how he could access the service?

18. A resident who is admitted in your aged care facility yesterday asked you whether he can take his herbal (Ayurvedic) medicine which he usually takes to overcome indigestion problems. The resident is prescribed with new medications as per his medication chart. What is the best response in this scenario?

19. Research and describe the effectiveness of the following community health promotional strategies.

19.1

Beyondblue:

19.2

National Bowel Cancer Screening Program:

20. Describe the key focus of Betty Neuman's System model in relation to nursing care.

21. Your colleague appears unhappy and disturbed. When asked why, your colleague replies that she has received culturally inappropriate comments from her supervisor. How could you deal with this situation?

22. The Australian healthcare system had evolved over time to cater for the needs of its people. Briefly describe the development and historical context of the Australian health care system (in XXXXXXXXXXwords).

23. Briefly describe 2 (two) roles of the interdisciplinary health care team in health service delivery (in 30-40 words).

24. Describe 2 (two) strengths and 2 (two) weaknesses of the Australian health care system, making references to your local State/Territory (in 40-50 words each).

25. How do Enrolled Nurses work to uphold the following Principles of Primary Care and Wellness? (In 30-40 words)

25.1

Universal access to care and coverage on the basis of need (principle of primary healthcare):

25.2

Positivity is empowerment (principle of wellness):

26. It is important for you to understand the impact of various health and illness factors on people when delivering care services. Briefly describe the links between the following factors and a person's health:

26.1

Higher income and social status:

26.2

Low education levels:

26.3

Greater social support networks:

27. Describe how the availability of healthcare funding and resource allocation impact the health care delivery in Australia? (In 50-80 words).

28. Explain the impacts for healthcare delivery for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia (in XXXXXXXXXXwords).

Deepika · Accepted Answer

Response 1
	1.1 Social model of health: 
This model mainly focuses on the context in which factors such as a woman’s age, gender, ethinicity, socioeconomic status, sexuality, any kind of disabilities and geographical location might have an impact on her access to health related services, health outcomes, well being, sickness and death.
1.2 Biomedical model of health: 
The biomedical model of health focuses on purely biological factors and excludes psychological, environmental, and social influences. It is considered to be the leading modern way for health care professionals to diagnose and treat a condition in most Western countries.
	Response 2 
The main aim and applications of of the National Safety and Quality Health Service (NSQHS) Standards are 
· Protection of public from damage or injury of any kind
· Improvement of life quality 
· Protection from public harm
· Improvement in the health services
	Response 3. 
Healthcare in Australia is provided by both government and private companies which covered by Medicare. Funding is provided by the government and non-profit organizations at national, state and local levels.  Healthcare services are also provided by private sector. Few charities and volunteers, remote and mental health services also fund individual patient are in some states. Medicare which is a government agency basically cover costs related to all the primary and allied health care services. Besides medicare there are other programs also provide insurance for the individuals. Medicare funded Medicare levy, covers Australia citizens and permanent residents covering personal injury and other forms of medical concerns.
	
	Response 4. 
Historical events in nursing are as follows:
	
· 1811 – Sydney Hospital opened at Sydney, Australia.
· 1899-1902 – Boer War took place. During this war Australian nurses joined volunteer troops to provide health care to soldiers.
· 1939-1945 – Australian anurses served outside their country during World War II
· 1949 - College of Nursing, Australia established
· 1975 – First nursing diploma program started in College of Advanced Education (CAE), Melbourne.
· 2010 – A national registration mandated for nurses and midwives of Australia came into effect in Australia.
	
Response 5: One practice nurse is employed by almost 60% of general practices . There are initiatives supported by the Australian Government for supporting expansion of practice nursing. Little information is available about the Australian practice-nurse workforce and funding agencies to support their individual practice. A more systemic approach with a stronger base and new policies is required to be laid down which could support overall system.
Response 6. Nursing education in Australia is focused mainly on community education with a focus on prevention of illness and providing health care. There are few evidences that other health systems do not respond adequately to the challenges faced by people as well as economic constraints associated with the treatment cost. Pursing programs in Australia have, therefore, philosophically adopted PHC as a curriculum model which fulfills all necessary demands for functioning effectively in the current scenario.
	Response 7.1 The holistic health model: Holistic health model is based on a practice, which focus on healing the person as a whole. Nurses use their experiences, their cultural background, to treat a person rather than just the illness.
7.2 The health-illness continuum: The health-illness continuum explains a process of change where an individual experiences different states of health and illness, from being healthy to illness to death) that fluctuate with time through his life.
	Response 8. 
a) Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia
The functions of the NMBA include following:

1. There have been a number of different key models of health that have influenced health promotion. Describe the two (2) major health service models identified below (in 40-50 words each). 1.1 Social...

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