Solution
David answered on
Dec 26 2021
Answer (a)
There are 100,000-1,000= 99,000 voters who cast their votes. Since each group of 1,000 voters is equally
likely to be absent, these 99,000 voters are equally likely to vote either of the candidates.
Let X be the number of votes Alice gets and Y be the number of votes Bob gets.
Hence X+Y = 99,000
P(Alice wins by at least 20 votes) = P( X-Y>=20) = P[X-(99,000-X) >=20] = P(2X>=99,020)
 P(X>= 49,510)
Now X ~ Binomial (99,000, ½) Hence n=99,000 and p(probability of winning) =1/2
Mean=n*p= 99,000*1/2 = 49,500 and variance = n*p*(1-p) =99,000*1/2*1/2= 24,750
Since n is large, we can use Central limit theorem to approximate the Binomial distribution with the
normal distribution, with continuity co
ection.
Continuity co
ection means P(X>=a) = P(X>=a-0.5)
P(X>= 49,510) = P(X> 49,510-0.5) = P(X> 49,509.5) = P[z> (49,509.5-49,500)/ 24,750^0.5]
 P(z>0.060386) = 1-0.5239 (Using z table)
 P(Alice wins by at least 20 votes) = 0.4761
P(Alice wins by at least 40 votes) = P( X-Y>=40) = P[X-(99,000-X) >=40] = P(2X>=99,040)
 P(X>= 49,520) = P( X> 49,520-0.5) = P(X>49,519.5)= P[z> (49,519.5-49,500)/ 24,750^0.5]
 P(z>0.12395) = 1-0.5478(Using z table)
 P(Alice wins by at least 40 votes) = 0.4522
P(Alice wins by at least 100 votes) = P( X-Y>=100) = P[X-(99,000-X) >=100] = P(2X>=99,100)
 P(X>= 49,550) = P( X> 49,550-0.5) =...